Imithetho Yolawulo Eyenzela Ukuhlola Kwalabo Kwezinyukuthu

Iimali Ezivumelekileyo ZaOSHA Kunye Nokulondoloza Ukuba Kuyakwazi Ukuswa Kwindawo Yesiko

OSHA isisebenzisa umkhawulo wokwenzeka kwe-90 decibels A-weighted (dBA) wonke udhora olungu-8 lokusebenza. Kufanele abasebenzisi babe nenkampani yokuphatha ukulwa xa kusonakala okuqukethwe kwi-85 dBA noma ngaphezulu. Kwizikhangeli ezibangela izixhumanisi ze-diamond ezigcinwa ngamandla, ukuchazwa kwesono akukho nto abayikwazi ukuyisindisa—kubalulekile ukuba kuqondakale. Xa abafana nezilingo eziphathelene nokulwa, bangakwazi ukudala izixhobo ngokunikezela i-noise reduction, bakwazi ukwazi ukuthini abasebenzi kudinga ukuphatha konke, futhi bahlawule ukuthenga izixhobo ezisonakalayo ngaphambili. Ukungabi khona kokulawula kukaOSHA kunezimali zokulahleka—izimali zingaba phansi kuka-$15,625 yeyona muni nganye ngokwamasiko awo ase-2023. Kodwa ngaphandle kwezemali, ukungabi khona kokulawula kusonakala kunciphisa abasebenzi ekulwini kwezono ezingavuseleki.

INkululeko ye-Machinery ye-EU (2006/42/EC) kanye Nezidingo zokuxhumana kwe-Acoustic

Umdluli wase-EU wezinhlelo zomshini uyadinga ukuthi abayikhi bazame ubuciko bokungcola kusuku lwesakha okungaphandle kokulokhu njengento engcono kwenye indawo. Kumele kube khona izimpendulo ezibhalwe ngamandla okungcola (LWA) nakho izilinganiso zezenzo ephakeme zokugcina xa kusekelwa kuzindlela zokugcina. Kumele kube khona nokwephula okubonisa indlela yokuthintela izinkinga ezalene nokungcola. Konke koko kumele kube yisiphetho sezivivinyo ezijwayelekile njenge-ISO 3744 noma ISO 9614. Izinhlelo ezingavumelani kuzo kuzothintela izivivinyo aza kufa isimbo se-CE futhi azoluthintela umkhondo wonke wasehlabathiphiyo ye-Europe. Ngoba kulezi zidingo, abayikhi basebenza kakhulu emshinini wokugayaza kwamadiliqasi baphefumula ukuphatha izilinganiso zobuciko kusuku lwempilo yabo. Lokhu kuyenzela ukuthi bathintele izinto eziphazanyiswa kuzo, indlela amabhedi kumele aphenduke, futhi kanjalo umgodi wezinqamuzi. Isilwa kukuthi kwenzeke ukulinganisa phakathi komsebenzi womshini nobuciko obuvumelekile ukuze abasebenzi babe nemehluko.

Izindlela Zokwenza Umshwama Kwezinhlelo Yokugcina Diamond

Umshwama Womthwalo: Ukuvibrata, Ukungabi nesivinini, nokusebenta Kwesistemu Yokuthutha

Imishwama yomshwama kumashini ihluka-nye kusindima esithathu: ukuvibrata kwezobuchwepheshe, uma izinto azisivinini ngexesha lokuzulula, nokusebenza kwesistemu yokuthutha. Xa umshini uyasuka kune-RPM 3,000, iimpawu encinci kwiiblade zediamond ziya kubangela lezi ziphazamiso ezihambelana nezandla eziphazanyayo ezingaphantsi kwe-85 kuze kube-95 decibels. Izingoma eziphakathi ezithile esidla ngazo ziyasebenzisa izigaba, iingcinga zemotore ephethelwa, nezinto ezilayishwa ukutransfer torque zizixhasa. Kodwa, yintoni eyakhiwa abantu bathintile? Le centrifugal forces ezingaphakathi ezingavumelekanga into imfuko yesistimu yonke. Sibekele lo msebenzi ngamaqela amane kumaqela ayishumi apho umshwama wokugcina kwindawo yezimali.

Umshwama Osebenzayo Ne-Oxidation-Induced Ngexesha Lokugcina Ngokushesha

Xa izixhobo zokugcina diamanta ziphinde phezulu kwe-4500 RPM, oku kuncitshiswa ngokuba yindlela esenzululwane iphinde ibe yayingo engu-60 ukuya ku-70 ngeyona mitholampofu yazo zonke i-emissions ngexesha lezo msebenzi. Xa ezi zi-blades ezizangeleyo ziphindele isiseko, ii-vortices zamatshini amacici zihlala zibakha kwaye ziphuluphule kumgama wothi gullet, zenza into efana no-whistle enobude obungaphezu kwesiya kuma-110 decibels. Indlela ukuze zi-blades zazangeleyo ziyiyo kuyinxalenye ekhethekileyo lapha. Izigqunywa eziningi zilandela ukuncipha kwiizinga zophazanyo phantsi kwe-face yesixa, kodwa zayize zenza ingo ibe yayingo kakhulu kwaye ifane nezingoma. Ukusebenza nokunjalo okubuthakathaka njenge-granite kuyakwenza konke kube mbi kakhulu ngoba kuthintela ukuba zi-blade zombi ziqhubuke kumgangatho, ukuguquka kwezinto kwingo esinokuyiyibiza. Ukuchaza ukuba zingaba zingakanani i-ingo ezityhoshelweyo kusinceda sibone ezi nkinga ngendlela efanelekileyo, ngoko ke abasebenzisi bangashintsha i-design yazo zi-blade ngendlela efaneleyo. Ezi zishintsho zisetyenziselwa ukuncipha ubude bengo ngaphakathi kwe-15 ukuya ku-20 decibels, okuyinxalenye ekhethekileyo xa abasebenzi kufuneka basebenze aphakade aphakade kuzo ezi zixhobo.

Imiphumela Yezempilo Ebukhwenkwe Nolwazi Lwakulungiswa Kokuqinisekiswa Kwesivumo

Ukulahlekelwa Kwegobo Kudinga Nezinkinga Zokuphila Ezilinganayo Kuzintandaziso

Ukungcola okwakhiwe ngemithombo yokugcina yediamond kwenza imfaziselo engaphezu kokulwa kwezintlobo zethu. Ngoko-20% yezisebenzi ebalulekileyo ekhokhelwa kuyo ukungcola kuthatha ukulwa kwezintlobo ngokungcola, okwenzeka ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuthi bakhumbule izinkinga zokuxhumana, ukuzinza kwezimali, nokusebenza kwazo zonke izisebenzi. Ukukhokhela kudala akupheli nje ngokulwa kwezintlobo. Izisebenzi ziyathola amandla aphezulu okuthi ahlase ngokuphelele kabusha ngama-23%, kunye nodidi lwesifo esihlukileyo, ubukhwebezane obuphila, kunye nokungcola okubangelwa kukho kwezintlobo okubangelwa ukungcola okuphakeme kakhulu okufana no-85 decibels. Ukungcola okuphakade kwenza ukuthi umcabango udlule indawo yokusebenza futhi kube lula ukwenza impikiswano nezimemeza. Ukuchaza amanani okungcola kunciphisa amanani abalulekile abadinga abamele ukuthatha isenzo ngokushesha. Okunye kwebuciko kwalungisa izixhobo zakhe, okunye walisha izigaba sokusebenza, wethu eziningi walungisa izixhobo zokuphepha. Iziphahla ezenza izivivinyo zokungcola njengento etholakele yazo zibona ukuthi ukulwa kwezintlobo kususa kangakanani kakhulu ngaphezu kuka-60% emva kwezintathu izinyanga, okubonisa ukuthi lokhu kufanele kube yindlela eyodwa ekumele ibe yinto ephathelene nokuzinza kwezisebenzi.

Ukulabela Kwezinyawo Ezihlukileyo Nezidingo Zokukhetha Izixhobo

Xa izakhampani zilandela ukulabela kwezinyawo ezihlukileyo ngokusebenzisa iintshaba ezifana no-ISO 11201 okanye ISO 3746, zinika umphathi wasekhaya neqela lokuthenga into ethembekileyo ekusetyenziswa ngayo xa kuyakhetwa izixhobo. Iindleko zibaluleke kuba zikunceda ukubala izixhobo ezingena ngaphansi kuka-85 dB(A), apho u-OSHA aqala ukidinga iziprojekthi zokuphatha izono. Iinkampani eziqukethe le miqondiso yokulinganisa yezinyawo kwinqubo yazo yokukhetha izixhobo ziyafumaneka zinezinkinga eziphantsi kumlawuli waphambili, zibuyisela abasebenzi babo, kwaye zilindele imithetho yasafety yaseNtsinga kuze kube ngu-EU ne-WHO. Oku kuthetha ukuba oko akugqitywa njengeenyawo zemvula kunguqukumbeko kuzinto ezilinganiselwa nokuphatha ngazo ngeendlela zonke ezigcwaliseka ngazo izixhobo, zifakwe, zihlanjwe, kwaye emva koko zitshintshelwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iziphumo ezivumelekileyo zika-OSHA mbono yezinyawo?

I-OSHA lisetela umkhawulo wokwethunyelwa kwezilivu ezingama-90 decibels ngomzuzu wokusebenza wezikhathi ezisishiyagalombili, libiza izinhlelo zokuphatha ukulalela uma kufinyelela ama-decibels angu-85 noma ange.

Kungani ukuchaza kwezilivu kubalulekile kumakhasini okugayaza i-diamond?

Ukuchaza kwezilivu kubalulekile ukuze kuqondakale imithetho. Kusiza abakhethi ukudizayina izixhobo ezingezilivu, ukuthola izixhobo zokuphatha ezingcono, nokuzivikela kwezindleko ezinengqondo ngokungahambelani nezimiso.

Ukushintsha kwe-EU kuMashine kuthinta kanjani ukuhambisana nokuxhumana nokulahlekelwa kwesilivu?

Ukushintsha kwe-EU kuMashine kubiza abakhethi ukuthi baphenduke izinkinga zesilivu kusuku lokudizayina, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amashini ahlanganise amandla esenzo nosayensi sesilivu esiphindayo.

Ziziphi izinkinga zempilo eziphathelene nokwethunyelwa kwesilivu kumagunya okugayaza?

Ukwethunyelwa kwesilivu kungahola ekulahlweni komlomo, ukuphazanyiswa kwedolo, ukucindezelwa, ukulinga kwesono, nokugcogca kwesono, kakhulu ukuthi kunciphise ukudabuka kwezimpendulo nezinsindano endaweni yokusebenza.

Izilabeli ezihlelekile zesilivu zisiza kanjani ekukhetheni izixhobo?

Amalebhu eziqinileyo zabelana ngemizwa yokungcola ebalwe ngezivivinyo ze-ISO, ethembisa izikhundla zokuphatha nezimali ekukhetheni amashini amancane ne-afakiweyo esekelweni lokusebenza.