Ukuzwa ngokuthi sludge sokugrinda kuyaphila kusukela kwezinye izindawo nokubonakala kwakho kwezinto ezinamagama okuphambuka nezinto zokuphambuka

Ukuklasisifika kahle kwe-sludge sokugrinda kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kusukela kus......

Ukuphakanyiswa kwezindawo zokuphila kwe-sludge: i-diamond wire, i-gang saw, i-disk, nezindawo zokugcina

• Sludge sokudlula kwediamond : Iyinqulela amathambo angu-60–80% emagama yamathambo okudlula kwediamond
• Izindlela zokubonakala kwe-gang saw : Inani eliphakeme kwe-quartz (mpaka ku-45%) kusuka kumakhemikhali okulahla
• Izilulu zokugaya isidloshane : Usuku oluphathelene lwamaphakathi ngezansi kwe-200µm
• Isindleko yokugcina : Inani eliphakeme kwe-polymers kusuka kumakhemikhali okugqamisa

Ukuthi ukuthunywa kwamanzi, ubungakanani bephakathi, nezidingo zokwenza izinto ziyenzela kanjani uhlelo

Ukuthunywa kwamanzi (okuvamile 40–60%) kuyakala ukuthi kungafakiwe kisitsha ngalwandle kuhlombe le-EU 1999/31/EC. Isahluko sobungakanani bephakathi ngezansi kwe-100µm kakhokeza inani le-leaching engaqondeni ngama-70%, ngokwesivinini esivamekile EN 12457-4 leachability testing. Izidingo zokwenza izinto zifaka izinguquko ezibalulekile zohlelo:

• Amagusha amanzi akhokeza amanani aphantsi kwe-Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH)
• Amagunya afaka izigaba ze-aluminum/zinc
• Izicathula zokungahleki zongezela izinto ze-silicone

Le minyaka lula lezinyathelo kusobala ukuthi isladji iyisilungu (EWC 17 09 03) noma kudinga inqubomgomo ekhethekile. Isibonelo, isladji esingaphezu kwe-30% wamanzi kanti esinethemperhura engaphezu kwe-0.5% kuyenzela izimo ezivamile zokulinganiselwa njenge-zenzelela ngaphandle kwe-Tshekishini 2008/98/EC. Ukuziqonda le minyaka ephakanyisayo yezimiso-zokwenza kumelana kahle nokulawula.

Ukuchazwa Kwezindleko Eziphikisanayo: Izigaba Ezibalulekile Zokuhlola Ukulinganisa Kwesladji Yekugayaza

Izilinganiso zezimbila ezinzima (Cr, Ni, Co, Cu) nezimali ze-EU eziphumelela phansi kwe-Annex III ye-Tshekishini 2008/98/EC

Izinkundla zokugrinda zidinga ukuzwakalwa kwe-chromium, nickel, cobalt ne-copper ngokwalezi zimilingo eziningi zokulingana embonweni III yokuqondisa 2008/98/EC. Uma inkulungwane yalezi zimetali iphuma phezu kwemilingo yakho njengoba chromium iphuma phezu kwe-70 mg ngako kg noma nickel iphuma phezu kwe-40 mg ngako kg, kodwa izinkundla zonke zizwakalwa njengezinkundla ezingasiza kumhlaba ngoba ziyabika umkhawulo omkhulu wokufaka emhlabaneni uma zifika emhlabaneni. Izinkundla zezimetali zihlukahluka ngokwesikhathi esithile esisikubona lapha. Izinkundla zewire yediamond ziqondwa kakhulu ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-chromium ne-nickel kusukela kwezinto zokusebenza ezibhekene nokugrinda, futhi izinkundla zegang saw ziqondwa kakhulu ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-cobalt ne-copper okusukela kwezinto zokugrinda ezisebenziswayo kusukela kwezindlela zokugrinda. Amasiko amaningi ayasebenza ngokwesikhathi esinye sesikhathi somthwalo we-ICP-MS noma we-ICP-OES ngasinye isiqu seshumi nelishumi ukuze abe nenkumbulo yazo konke futhi ukuze baze bangamthwalo izinkundla ezingasiza kumhlaba.

Ukuchanekwa kwe-TPH (i-total petroleum hydrocarbons) nokuchanekwa kwegazi (EN 12457-4, EN ISO 17294) njengembono ephambene ekotikinite emvelaphi

Ukuchanekwa kweTotal Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) kuyalula ukuthi kushiywe kanjani imithwalo yezibobhini ngemuva kokugcina izinyathelo zokugcina. Xa izilinganiso lihamba ngaphezu kuka-1,000 miligrame ngasikhathi, umthelelo akakwazi ukubonakala njengezithwala ezimbili ngokomthetho. Kukuchanekwa kwegazi, sizimiselela ku-EN 12457-4 esebenza ukulawula okubalulekile, kunye no-EN ISO 17294 esilawula ngqo amathambo nezihydrocarboni. Le zicwabanampilo zisabela okutheni kusenziwa kumazipaza ukuze sibone ukuthi izici ezikhubazekayo zingasebenzi phambi kwezinto eziphazamisa umfula wamanzi. Uma igazi lingalahlaziyi lokuchanekwayo, ngempela uma ukuhlaziywa kwe-chromium kuhamba ngaphezu kuka-0.5 mg ngalitha noma i-TPH ihlaziywa ngaphezu kuka-10 mg ngalitha, kepha libekiwe njengezithwala eziphazanyayo. Kufanele kube khona ukuchaneka okubili ngaphambi kokuchaneka kwe-EWC codes, okubalulekile kakhulu kwigazi le-diamond machining ngoba le zinyathelo ziphila kakhulu kumazibobhini angaphandle kwezinhlayiya ezivuthayo.

Ukusebenzisa Imithambo Yemvelo Yase-EU: Ukugcina I-EWC Code Yokwanele Ukuchaza I-Grinding Sludge

Ukufumana ukuthi isiludwe sokugrinda sifakwe kubizo bokulinganisa ngokwemithambo yase-EU kuyaphela ukukhombisa izikodi zokulinganisa kwe-EU (EWC), okuzimele kwi-Directive 2008/98/EC. Kodwa ukufindula ikodi elihlanganisiweyo ayikwazi kuhlanganiswa ngokushesha. Kuyaphendula kusukela kuphi isiludwe — kwasukelwe kusukela kwezindlela zokugcina ngodiamanti noma kwezindlela zokugcina ngomthambo? Emva kwalokho, kunezizifundo eziningi zokuphatha ukuthi kunezinto ezingenziweyo njengezinkulu zezinto ezingenziweyo zokuhlambulula, izinkulu zezinto zokuhlanza (TPH), nokuthi kusebenza kanjani xa kuchazwe nesamanzi. Ukwenza lokhu okungafanele kungabangela izinkinga ezingaphezulu. Uma umuntu uyakhombisa isiludwe njengezinto ezingenziweyo (ikodi 17 09 03) kodwa kuyisilinganiso esingafanele futhi isiludwe sifuna ukulinganisa kwe-EN 12457-4 yokulinganisa izinto ezingenziweyo, amaphoyisa asekuhlakanipheni angalungiselela. Isiqephu esikhombisiweyo siphendula konke okuyodlala emva kwalokho. Isiludwe esikhombisiweyo njengezinto ezingenziweyo (17 09 03) singahamba endleleni enye, izinto ezingenziweyo (17 09 04*) singahamba endleleni enye, futhi izinto ezingenziweyo ngokuphelele (njengekodi 17 09 02) zidinga ukuphatha okuhleliwe. Lezi ziqephu ziyaphendula kungakhathali kubizo bokulinganisa kwebhizinisi kodwa futhi kubizo bokulinganisa okudingekayo phambi kokuthunyelwa, futhi kuthi kungakhathali kubizo bokuthunyelwa phakathi kwemibhalo yase-EU.

Indlela Ezenzekelayo Yokusula: Ukwamkelwa KweLandfill, Ukulungisa Kabefore, Nenkonzo Yezifundo

Uguquko lwesizwe sengqikithi kumathuba wokulanda kwezilonda esingekho siphilo ngaphandle kwesilonda esineziphilo (EWC 17 09 03 ngaphandle kuka 17 09 04*)

Imithambo yokuthi yini okufanele kubekwe emazweni okugcina amasweli ayisifanayo kakhulu ngaphaya kwe-Europe, nangona sibhala ngemithambo engaqondakali njengokuthi ziyizinto ezingazimiseki. Faka iJalimani njengombuzo, banezimithambo ezinkulu ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuthi i-Deponieverordnung (DepV) okuyisibonelo sokuthi imilinga yokuqonda kufanele ibe phansi kwamilinga we-0.1 mg/L yomthwalo owabhekwa ngokuthi uyisiqu se-EWC 17 09 03 ukuze wabelwe emazweni okugcina amasweli. Kule-Italy, izimithambo ziyinkulu kancane, nokuvumela ukuba kubekwe ku-5 mg/L yokuqonda emazweni okugcina amasweli angazimiseki (EWC 17 09 04*). U-France unenqubo yakhe ekupheleni, ubavumela kuphela izindlela zokususa umsindo wokuhlanganisa uma imilinga yokuqonda ibe phansi kwamilinga we-50 mg/kg. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi uma izihlangu zezindlu zezilungu ziyikhipha kune-5% kulezinsweli, kufanele kwenziwe ukulungiswa ngokushisa, okufanele kube yilokho u-Spain uyayivuma ngokwemithambo. Ukuvumela konke lokhu kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele ngokuthi kufanele kubhekwe......

• Qinisekisa imithwalo yokuqiniseka kwezindawo ngokusebenzisa amaphutha aseNingizimu Afrika (isibonelo, i-Abfallwirtschaftsportal yaseJalimane), Abfallwirtschaftsportal , i-France’s Ademe idatabase) kabefore ukuthumela
• Yenza umhlolo wokuphuma kwamathuba wokugcina okuqukethwe kwe-EN 12457-4 ngomnyaka—futhi gcinani amabhuku e-analitikhi konke ukusondeza
• Gcina amabhuku e-dijithali yokubambisana kwezindlela ezifanayo ne-EU Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC yonke ukuthumela kwezindawo ezingaphandle kwezindawo

Abahlakazi bezindustria bavula isimo sokukhangelwa kahle—futhi babuyisa izinkinga zokuhlanganiswa kwezinkambo zokuvalelwa (€74,000 ngokufanayo ngokulandelwa kwezinkinga) ngokugxila amadatha e-analitikhi ngokushesha kwezinhlelo zokujabuliswa kwezinkambo zokuvalelwa eziyisivumelwano se-EN 15593.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Umbhalo wokugcina ubani futhi kungani kubalulekile ukukhangelwa?

Umbhalo wokugcina uvela kuzindlela zokusebenza njenge-kutshisa kwe-diamond wire, izindlela zokusebenza kwe-gang saw, ukugcina kwe-disk, nokugcina. Kubalulekile ukukhangelwa ngoba ubuchwepheshe bakho buya kuthinta indlela ofanele ukwenza ngayo ngokufanayo nembizo yezinto zokuvalelwa.

Kutheni ukuthi umlando wamanzi kuyiphatha kanjani ikhodi yasludge?

Umdlalo wamanzi unemeko engezikhathi ephethilwayo phakathi kwamalungelo we-UE 1999/31/EC. Umlando ophezulu manzi kungahola ekubekeni amathuba etholakala njengenhloso engenamcalo, ikakhulukazi uma kudityaniswa namanzi akhothaziywa.

Yiziphi iziqinisekiso ezibalulekileyo ekubekeni grinding sludge njengenhloso enangenamcalo?

Izilinganiso zezimbobo ezinde nezimali zePetroleum Ngokuphelele (TPH) zibalulekile. Uma kudluliselwa izindlela ze-UE zombobo noma kukhohlwa kuzivikeli zokudonsa kungahola islage sibekiwe njengenhloso enangenamcalo.

Kutheni kubaluleke ukunika ikhodi ye-EWC eshiyekile grinding sludge?

Ukunika ikhodi echanekileyo ye-European Waste Catalogue iyagcina ukuthi kuthathwe ngendlela efanele nokususwa, ngoba iziphoshwana zingahola kumethetho futhi kungasebenziswe ngendlela engavumelekile.

Kutheni izici zokugcogca kuhlanganisa kuhluke phakathi kwezifundazwe ze-UE?

Izimo zokwamukela umlilo wokugaya kwiindlela zokuthabatha kwindawo ebusuku kwizwe ze-EU ziphazanyiswa kakhulu, ekubangelwa ngazo ukususwa kwezindlela zokuthabatha. Umzekelo, uJamani no-Italy bezine izidingo ezahlukene zezinkinga zomlilo okufunwayo ukuthi zilindele umlilo kwiindlela zokuthabatha.