Ukulungiselelo Kungasivivinywa Kwesimo Somkhiqizo Wokukhokha

Izindlela zokulungiselelo kungasivivinywa (NDT) zilungiselela izinkampani zezathambo zakokugcwalisa akhokhelwe ngadizani ngaphandle kokulahlela isimo sesithungu—sinquma ukuthi amacebo okukhokha akhokhise izimo ngaphambili kumakilindi athola izinkinga eziningi zokugcwalisa.

Ukulungiselelo ngokushushu nokulungiselelo ngokushushu ngokuphazanywa kwezinkinga nezinkinga

Ukuchazwa ngokulungelelanisa kusebenzisa izikhwama ezihambisana nomkhawulo obukhulu ukuthi zilangene ngokupheleleyo. Uma kunezikhala ezingachazwanga noma izinkinga ezinye kumugqa, izikhwama zibuyela ngemithombo ethile eyithumelela ukuthi kukhona into engalungileyo. Kanti kanjalo sinokuchazwa okuzenzakalelayo okusetshenziswa kuzikhwama ze-X-ray noma ze-gamma rays ukuthatha izithombe phakathi kwamasegmenti enqola. Lezi zithombe zibonisa izinkinga zonke izidima njengezinkomba ezincane zewayise (porosity) noma uma umetali wokujwayela awusayoniwe kakhulu kumasegmenti, okothile okoothulwa kakhulu. Uma kudityanisiwe, lezi zindlela zingabonisa iziphazanyo eziningi kune-0.5mm ezindaweni ezimbindini. Futhi yindeye, ukutholwa kwezi zinkinga ezincane ngaphambi kokuba kube yizinkinga ezinkulu kuyakhethekile kakhulu ngoba uma kushintshelwe, lezi zinkinga zingathula amasegmenti onqola konke xa imishine isebenza.

Ukuchazwa kwegazi nokuchazwa kwebuso bokujongana kumagqubu

Xa sifuna ukulunga kungakhangeleka phakathi kwesikhala sokubhazisa, ukulungiswa kwezinkinga kuthatha indima. Izixhobo ezithile zineso lokuphulisa indawo yobhazini ngelokulinganisa ubungakanani bezinkaba ezingena ngexesha. Le ndlela ingayilungisa izindlela zokukhangeleka eziphezulu phakathi kwezindiliba nezihlangothi zemetal, okuyi nto enkulu kakhulu kumathuba okufuneka aphulise amava ahleli xa ekusebenza phantsi kwamanzi. Ukujonga isimo sesimilo sibonisa into engaphezulu. Sicacisa nokugquma iingcambu embindini esinceda ngokujongana ngaphaya kwezikumkani ezingu-200 ukuya ku-1000. Okuboniswayo kufana nendawo ifakiweyo yomtshixo wophelo, na kube sekunqamlezile i-carbides, iingubo ezizayo ezingavumelekanga, nezinto eziphephethayo eziphuma phakathi kwezimbiza. Zonke le mina bamele ukuba umxholo ungahluka ngokuchasene nokutheleka xa kuphumelela kwiimfuno zokusebenza.

Ukulungiswa Kwegazi Nenkinga Yobude NgoMva Kokubhazisa

Ukukhokha ngokukhathaleya kusebenza njengomdlalo wokuphila kwesiqiniseko sebrazing kumagunyatho we diamond core. Abasebenzi bakukhathaleya ngaphandle kokugunyaziwa ukubona izinkinga ezibalulekile:

• Izikhatha kusuka kumoya wokugcina, okwenzela ukuthulaselwa kwebungo
• Ukwehla kwebhrazing , njengoko kungaphansi kokugcina kwegcina lokubhrazing, okwenzela ukuthulaselwa kwebhavini
• Ukungqimba kwebhavini ngaphandle kwe-tolerance yami 0.5—kuyahlukumeza ukudila nokuthulaselwa kwebhavini

Ukukhathaleya kwebhavini, ukuguquka kwegunyatho, nokuphila kwegcina le-tube-collet

Ukufumana izilinganiso ezilungileyo kubaluleke kakhulu xa kusebenziswa izinhlayiya zokulinganisa (CMMs) nezixhobo zokulungiselela yelase, ukuze kulinganiswe izikhathi. Xa ikonkrentishiya iphindele ngaphezulu kuka-0.05 mm, sibona izinkinga ezobuthakathaka eziphazanyayo ngemizuzu yemisebenzi engcono. Izihlangothi ezimphakathi ziyisibonelo esihle sokuthi kukhona into ethile eqashelene nendlela abachazwe ngayo amanye amaphakethe emva kokwakha. Uma kunomkhawulo okungekho 0.1 mm phakathi kwetiyubhu nezicolotha, amanzi akhululekile angafudumeza khona, lokhu kuthinta ngokushesha kwalokho kuhlose kabanzi. Lonke lo mlando oluphathelene nokulinganisa kusho ukuthi izikhwama zingasebenzisa izigaba ezinye ngaphezulu kuka-500 RPM ngaphandle kokuchithwa. Abasayini bengaphansi bathola ukuthi lezi zimpendulo zenza isiphumo esahlukene phakathi kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo nezobude.

Ukuchaza Kwezimali Nezobomi Kuyilapho Ukubamba Kwesitshelelo

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhwama ze-core zediamond zilinda izindleko zezimo zezimo, abakhi bezakha ukuchaza okuphambene kwezimali nezobomi—ukuthi kutholakale indlela yesitshelelo engeyiyo kuphela yonke into engabonakali futhi yonke into engalinganiselwanga.

Ukuhlola ukuloda ngaphansi kwezimo ezivakalwe zokudrila

Ibits ihlala iyaphathwa yindlela ephindaphindwayo neyomda eyenziwa ngokudrila konkrethi nasezintshini. Ukuloda okuphindaphindayo kufuneka kube khona izindlela zokuhlukahluka—njengoko kusetyenziswa ukuloda kwi-15–25 kN—ngelixa ukulungiselelo kwe-HCF (high-cycle fatigue) kuchazela ubomi bomfanekiso wokuthembeka emva kwezikhathi ezingu-50,000+. Ukuhlola kwakhona okuthile kokuthembeka kuvavanyo lwe-accelerations okungaphezu kwe-10g kuthembisa ukugcinwa kwezinto.

Ukucindezelwa kwesithuthi ukulinganisa imfundo ngemisebenzi yasendle

Izindawo zokudluliswa zihlaziywa ngokushwisha kwezinkukhu phakathi kwe-200 ne-500 degrees Celsius nganye iminithi engu-5. Emva kokuqina ngaphezu kwezishwisha ezingu-100, abasebenzi bakhetha ukuthi umfanekiso wemateriali utshintsha kanjani. Bahlaziyela izinkinga ezingalawulwanga zokushisa ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhambelana kwesithombe sangempela ukuze bakhetha okunye okungahambeli. Kunezivikelo zokulinganiswa nokulingana kwegazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zindawo zilindelela xa izivikelo zokudluliswa ziqukethe amanzi. Le zinhlelo zokuhlaziywa zixhomekeka kizindlela izinkinga ezibangelwa yezinkinga ezahlukene zokuphendula kanye nezinkinga zokugcina ezigcwele ezindaweni. Xa izindawo zilungile ezimbili izivikelo zokulinganiswa nokulingana kwegazi, zibonisa izinkinga ezingaphansi kwe-0.1 phesenti ngokwesicwangciso esivikelekile sokusebenza kusetyenziswa kwempela.

Ukulinganisa Ukudluliswa Nezindlela Ezinye Zokudluliswa Kwamathamathama WeDiamond

Kudlulisiwe kusuka kusindisiwe kuzindawo zokudluliswa kumagolide wethekwane nangaphandle kwebhola yokudluliswa

Xa kufika emanzini, izindawo zokudluliswa zokubhondisa ziphakamisa ngoba zisebenzisa lezi zilimi ezithuthukisayo ezingathinti manzi. Emva kokuphila ngeminyaka engu-200 yezigaba ngokwemithetho yokugaya, lezi zindawo zihlaba zazizungezile ngaphezu kuka-92% kwezidinga zabo eziphathelene. Manje xa sibuka kuma-sintered, kungasebenzela emakhala aphezulu xa zimfuyo, njengama-600 amadigri Celsius ikusasa kuka-550 kuphela kubhondisa. Kodwa kukhona into. Izivivinyo ezwenziwe ngale ndlela ziqondisa ukuthi zihlabe ngaphezu kuka-15% kunazo ezibhondisiweyo. Ngakho-ke uma umuntu afuna into efuna ukusebenza kahle emfaneni yamanzi, ukubhondisa kunciphisa inani ngokulandelana kwesikhathi nakuba kungasingabi nemnando wokugcina ekugcineni kakhulu. Ngokuphambene, ukusinda kuyafanelela ukucutshwa ngokushesha lapho imodi ihlala iyimfuyo, nokho kuthatha inani makhulu kuqala.

Ukudluliswa kwegilasi vs. ukubhondisa: ubunzima bokudluliswa nobubi bokugcina ngokulandelana kwesikhathi

Xa kufika ekusunguleni, ukulahlekelwa kwezixhumanisi zokulahla kwenza izixhumanisi ezingaphezu kuka-40% ngokokuqala kunazo ezilungileyo ngokwesivakalisi se-ISO 15614. Le ndlela iyisusa imetali ngokomkhuba wamaziboniso esingaphandle kokusebenzisa izinto ezifaka ezingathintelwa ngexesha. Kodwa lapho siyizixhumanisi ngezilingo zobuchwepheshe oluphathwayo emehlweni yempilo, into ethandekayo ithathe indima. Izixhumanisi zokulahla ziqhubeka zisebenza ngendlela efanelekile nakuba zithintile izilingo ezingu-10,000 zemvula. Ezilahlwayo ngolaser ziqaqambela ukuthi zingabi nempilo phambi kwalokho, zilahleka ngaproximately 12% yeziko leso lapho zifinyelela izilingo ezingu-7,500. Kumaqondo aphila ngokude apho izinto kufuneka asebenze iminyaka engama-10, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukulahla kuyindlela ebalulekile ngakumbi nokuba kudinga ukulunga okujulile kuyo yonke indlela yokwakha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani ukuthi ukuvavanyo okungahlukwa kubalulekile kumagunqano okubhazwa?

Ukuvavanyo okungahlukwa kubalulekile ngoba kuvumela ukubalwa kwemigunqano yezinhlangothi zezimbotyholo zediamond ngaphandle kokulahlela. Lokhu kusinika iqiniso nezinhlelo zomagunqano ngaphambi kokuthi kutholakale kumzimba okuphezulu kwezixhobo.

Ukuthi kanjani ukuvavanyo ngolwazi lwezinsuku kuthola izinkinga kwimigunqano ebhazwe?

Ukuvavanyo ngolwazi lwezinsuku usebenza izinkimba ezaphezulu zomthwalo ukuze zingene emgunqaneni obhazwe. Nezidingo noma izinkinga ezingcwele zizokhudla lezi zinsuku ngemithombo efanayo, zisho izinkinga phakathi kwemgunqano.

Yiziphi izinkomo zokusebenzisa imigunqano ebhazwe ngaphandle kwemigunqano esinteriwe emanzini?

Imigunqano ebhazwe usebenza izintlalo ezivuselelwa kumthwalo, kwenza kube yimali ngempilo emanzini. Zizokuphila ngama-92% wabo ngaphandle kokuba kutholakale kumazwe amanzi amanze.

Ukuthi kanjani ukudluliselwa ngelaser kulinganise nobhazwa ngokulinganisa kwezixhobo?

Ukugcina kwe-laser kwenza izinqamulo ezingaphezu kuka-40% ezintandokazi kunokugcina ngokubhazisa. Kodwa, ngemva kwesikhathi, izinqamulo ezibhazisiwe ziyophila ngempela, ikakhulu phakathi kwezinkinga ezimiswe kakhulu kanye nezinkinga ze-thermal cycling.