Kungani izigriti zokupholisa zokuzenzekleyo ziyahlanuka kwezinhlobo zokupholisa zezinsizakaliso zokuzenzekleyo?

Ukugqoka, ukungafanana, nokuthi kubhekwe imikhumbu yokuqondwa ngezinkhanda ezizenzekleyo

Umgxilwa kwezikhumba zokuchitha zokuziphatha kusukela kuthi zihlala zibhola kahle uma kubhekwa indawo yokusebenza, okuthi ukuthi umfanekiso wokugcina kuyasebenzisa ngokungafanele futhi uchaza ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezinye zokufakwa ezinguququkile. Uma izinkampani zokuphatha zihlala zibhola ngokungafanele kulesi sigaba, zisiza ekwenzeni amasikhumba amancane kumahlako futhi ngamanye amaxesha zizoba zibhala izinto ezingavumelekile kulezi zinhlobo zokusebenza. Lokhu kubhekwa njengokuthi kuyisikhumbu esikhulu kwezinhlobo zokusebenza kwe-semiconductor. Ukuthi kunezinhlobo zokusebenza zokubhala kuphela kungabiza amakhono emakhono engu-740,000 usd ngalokho lokuhlala ngokwesifundo sika-Ponemon Institute esenzekile ngo-2023. Ngokuthi lezi zikhumba azihlali zikhona kahle kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kubuyiselwa, izindawo zokusebenza zihlala zibuyisela kahle futhi zihlala ziyisikhangela izinhlobo zokusebenza. Lokhu konke kuhlanganisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo zokusebenza zokubhala ezingu-15–30% kahle kungabi ngezinhlobo zokusebenza zokubhala zokuziphatha ezinkulu neziningi kulezi zinhlobo zokusebenza zokubhala zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuziphatha zokuz......

Imiphumela Yokuzimisa Isikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphezulu Kwesikhundla Sokugcina Ngaphez......

Imithwalo yezinkokhelo ezingaphansi ziyakwazi ukufana noma kuphi uma kufanele kutholenwe izikhundla sokugcina ezinkulu ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhundla sokugcina ngaphezulu kwesikhund......

Imibono Yezinkulungwane Zinakho Ukuthintela Ukusebenza Kwemipad Yesikhombisa

Ukukhulu Kokukhulu, Ukulingana, Nokuzimelaka Kwemithambo Yezinkulungwane

Okwenza izinkulungwane zibhekene ngokupheleleyo kukuba zinakho ukukhulu okuphakeme kubala lwe-Mohs ngokugcwele ku-10, izinhlobo zezinkulungwane ezilinganayo ngokupheleleyo, nokuzimelaka kwemithambo ngokugcwele ku-2000 W/mK, okuyingaphezu kwezinkulungwane zokuvula ngokupheleleyo ngokugcwele ku-50. Lezi zindlela zinika imipad esiyiqinisekisa ukuthi zizokhula ngokupheleleyo ngokugcwele ku-35% kunezinye. Futhi zinconywa ukuthi zilungiselela ubunzima obulinganayo xa kusebenziswa emazini, futhi zihlukanisa umthelela owodwa ngokupheleleyo xa kusikhombisa, ngakho-ke akukho chaza lokusha kwezinto noma ukuthi kuhlinzekwe ngokupheleleyo ngomthelela. Ngokuchaza kahle, lezi zinkulungwane zisivumela ukuthi zisulwe izinkinga eziningi zezinhlobo zokuvula zokuziphatha, njengokuthi zikhula kushesha, ukuthi izindawo zingalungile, nokuthi kubonakala ukuthi kuhlinzekwe ngokupheleleyo ngomthelela.

Ukuphakamisa Ukuthabatha Kwemithambo Futhi Ukugcina Ukuhlanza Ngaphandle Kwezinkambu

Amadiamond angaphezulu angasebenzisa izindlela zokuhambisana zezinkulungwane ezinkulu ngokupheleleyo, kuzokwakha ukususa amathuba ngemiphumela engamashumi amane neyishumi (40%) ngokushesha kunamathuba okugcina amathuba, njengoba kubhekwa umkhawulo wendawo. Lokhu kuyikutheni kwezinye zezinkulungwane ezingaphansi kakhulu ezinokuvimbela ukuthi kufanele kuthathelwe phakathi kwezindlela zokuchitha. Isiphumo? Amathuba ayasuswa ngokulinganayo kwindawo noma yini kodwa akayisusi izikhumba zezindawo ezizodlula ngaphansi kwezindawo ezizokwenza izindlela ezingaphansi. Uma abahlinzi bafaka lezi nanodiamond ngendlela eyengeziweyo yezinkulungwane zezibhanku, bafumana izipadi ezinokuthabatha isiphumo esingaphansi kokukhanya. Lokhu kubalulekile kakhulu kubani na kubani, njengokuba kubani kubani kwezibhanku zezilimi nezinto zokubona, lapho inqubo enye yokuqondisa iyakwenzeka. Ngalezi zipadi ezintsha, abakhi bafumana ubukhulu bendawo yokubona ngokulinganayo kungaphansi kwemikromitha engu-0.1. Futhi lokhu okunye? Kufanele kubhekwe izinkulungwane eziningi kungenani, futhi kunciphiselwa izinkulungwane zokuproducwa ngemashumi amathathu (30%) kubantu bakhiwe.

Amathuba Okuzimisela Kwinkqubo Yokuphatha Kwe-Nanodiamond

Ukuthumela Kwe-Nanodiamond Yokuqondana Ukuze Kuhlanganise Imiphakathi Yokuqondana Ngokulinganayo

Kukusukela ukwenza imiphakathi yokuqondana, siyaphakamisa lezinye izinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezinkqubo zezink......

Ukuzimisela Ngokuphelele Ngokuthatha Kwezinkqubo Zokubhala Nezinkqubo Zokugcina

Amaphadi amasha we-nanodiamond ayisebenzisa izinkulungwane zokuphepha (2–10 nm) eziphinde kuzo ngamaphadi amasha wokubhinda okwenziwa ngokuphelele okunqamuka ngokuphelele nokugcina ukuthi kubhekiswe phakathi kwemithombo kanye nokugcina ukuthi kubhekiswe phakathi kwe-CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing). Izinkqubo ezibalulekile ziyizindaba ezilandelayo:

• Ukusebenzisa umthwalo wokuhlolwa kwezinkulungwane : Kuhlola izinkulungwane ngokuphelele ku ±0.5 nm, kususa izinkulungwane ezingaphezulu okokuba zibeka izikhumba ezincinci
• Amaphadi okubhinda okuchaza isikhalazo : Akhula kahle kusukela emakhaya ethuluzi yokuqonda ukuze akhulume ngokuphelele ukuthi kubhekiswe phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuthatha isikhumbi ngokujwayelekile
• Amaphadi okubhinda okuqukethwe : Kunciphisa ukuphila kwe-mphadi ngama-40% ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane zokubhinda zokuphelele

Le viliyeli yokuphathwa kuyenza ukuthi kubhekiswe phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuthatha isikhumbi ngokuphelele kwezinkulungwane zesiSilicon zokuphatha i-3nm, lapho ukuphatha kwesihlalo kufanele kube phansi kwe-0.2 nm Ra.

Isiphumo esinokubona ngempelini: Amaphadi we-nanodiamond kwezinhlobo zokuphatha i-semiconductor kanye nezinhlobo zokuphatha izinto zokubona

Umzekelo wokusebenzisa: Ukusebenzisa kwezinhlobo zokuphatha i-wafer yase-semiconductor yezinhlobo zokuphatha i-3nm kanye nangaphezulu

Kodwa sibuya kulezi zikhombisa zase-3nm nezincane kunezo, ukugcina ubukhulu bephakathi lomkhakha wokuphatha kubalulekile kakhulu. Izindlela zezinkundla zokuphatha zingasenza ukuthi zibe yizinto ezingafanele ngoku, ngakho-ke zihlala zisika izinkundla zemicro zokuphatha futhi zisika izinkinga zokuguqula kwesitha sokushisa okungahlinzeki kusasa ku-15% ngokwesibonelo se-Semiconductor Engineering esitholakale ngonyaka odlule. Le nto yilapho izipad zanano-diamond zihlanganisa. Lezi zipad zisolve iziproblemi ezimbili ngokufanayo. Okokuqala, ukudluliswa kwe-colloidal kukhomba amaphartikili ukungabambanisi ngokuphatha. Okwesibili, ukuthenga kwabo kokushisa kuyisivumelwano esihle kusukela kungabeki izindawo ezinjengezindawo zokushisa emaphepha, okungaba yinto eyakuba yisiza kuzigcinwa zezincwadi ezinzima kwe-EUV lithography. Umphumela wokusebenza? Abasayensi bavuma ukuthi bafumana ukuthabatha kwamaphartikili ngaphezu kwe-25% ngokulingana nezisistimu zesi-alumina sezinye izinsuku, ngakho-ke bonke lebantu bayafumana ubunikazi bephakathi lomkhakha olwandlelwa ngamaphakathi amaningi angu-angstrom. Lokhu kubukhulu bekuthabatha kuyakwenza ukuthabatha okungakho imiphumela yokugcina kubalulekile kakhulu njengoba sizihamba phambili ngezindawo zokuphatha zezindlela zokuphatha nezindlela zokugcina.

Amasebenzi emithambo yokuqinisa kakhulu nekufinyelela kwesifunda sokulwa

Lapho kuziwa ekwenzeni izinto zokubuka, la ma-nanodiamond pads amancane enza izimangaliso ekuqedeni leyo mifantu ecasulayo engaphansi komhlaba ezintweni ezinjenge-silica efuthunyiswe. Lezi zingxenye ezincane zenza kube nzima ukuba ama-laser adlule ezintweni, ngezinye izikhathi kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela cishe ngamaphesenti angu-30. Okwenza la mapedi abe akhethekile yikhono lawo lokusika ngokunembile, okwenza indawo ibe bushelelezi kangangokuthi ikhwalithi yayo icishe ifane neyombono (Ra engaphansi kuka-0.5 nm). Lolu hlobo lokugqokwa lubaluleke kakhulu ezintweni ezinjengokuthola amagagasi adonsela phansi, ukwakha izinzwa zemikhumbi-mkhathi, nokushayela ama-laser anamandla amakhulu. Ama-observatory amakhulu aseqalile ukushintshela ezibukweni ezipholishiwe ngama-nanodiamond ngoba angakwazi ukufinyelela kulokho kukhanya okubonisa ukukhanya okungu-99.8% okungeke kwenzeke ngezindlela zesikole esidala ezihilela i-cerium oxide. Futhi uma sikhuluma ngezinzuzo ezingokoqobo, ubuchwepheshe obufanayo obusetshenziswa ema-laboratory empeleni benza amakristalu ahlale isikhathi eside nasemisebenzini yokusika nge-laser yezimboni. Sikhuluma ngokwelula isikhathi sokusebenza cishe ngama-40%, okusho ukonga okukhulu uma sibheka izindleko eziphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Izinqubomgomo zokupholisa ngamananodiyamande zinezinkinga eziphakeme ngaphandle kwezinkqubo zokupholisa ngokusebenzisa izigriti?

Izinqubomgomo zokupholisa ngamananodiyamande zinamandla amaningi, ubukhulu obuhle, nokuthuthukisa kwesikhathi sokugcina umsebenzi, ngokulinganisa nokupholisa ngokusebenzisa izigriti, futhi zinakho ukuthola izinsiza zokupholisa ezizwele ngezinye izindlela, futhi zilahlela isikhathi sokuprodukha.

Izinqubomgomo zokupholisa ngamananodiyamande zihlola njani ukuprodukha kwezinkqubo zezingu-3nm kwezinhlayisi?

Izinqubomgomo zokupholisa ngamananodiyamande zilahlela izinsiza zemikro, futhi zilahlela ukuguqulwa kwesikhathi sokuchitha, zilahlela ukungabi nesikhundla sokufika emva kokuprodukha, futhi zilahlela ubukhulu bocingo obuhlaka, okuyisisekelo sokugcina ubukhulu bocingo obuhle kwezinhlayisi.

Izinqubomgomo zokupholisa ngamananodiyamande zinakho njani ukuthuthukisa ukuprodukha kwezinhlayisi ezinamandla amaningi?

Izinqubomgomo zokupholisa ngamananodiyamande zinakho ukuthola izinsiza zokupholisa ezizwele kakhulu, ezibonakala njengokuthi zingaba yizinsiza zokupholisa zokuziphatha ngokwesifundo, zilahlela ukuthuthukisa kwezinkqubo zokuthumela, futhi zilahlela ukuthuthukisa kwezinkqubo zokubuka, zilahlela izindlela zokuphatha izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona izinkqubo zokubona......