Amandla We-Laser Nenhlaka Yethermal: Ukwahlukaniswa Kwezimali Eziningi Nezinhlelo Zokuxhumana Nezinhlelo

Kanjani amandla we-laser akhangelela ubude bekugaywa ne-indawo ebalulekile yethermal (HAZ) kumagunya we-carbide-to-steel

Lapho sikhulisa amandla e-laser, ngokuqinisekile ingena ngokujulile kulezo zingxenye ze-carbide kuya kwensimbi, kodwa kunenkinga. Indawo ethinta ukushisa nayo iyakhula, kwakheke ukucindezeleka okwengeziwe okungabangela ukuba amalunga abe buthaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi kuma-saw blade anobubanzi obukhulu lapho izingxenye zingase ziphume ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngokwezibalo zomkhakha, ukudlula ama-2.5 kW lapho kusebenza izingxenye ze-tungsten carbide ezinobukhulu obungu-5 mm kwenza i-HAZ ibanzi cishe ngama-40%. Futhi i-HAZ ebanzi isho amathuba amaningi okuthi kuvele imifantu emincane, okungekho muntu ofuna lokho. Inkinga empeleni ivela endleleni i-tungsten carbide (enokuqhuba kwayo ukushisa okungu-84 W/mK) eziphatha ngayo ngendlela ehlukile uma iqhathaniswa nensimbi evamile (engu-45 W/mK kuphela). Lezi zinto ziphatha ukushisa ngendlela ehlukile kangangokuthi zakha zonke izinhlobo zokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa okungafani kulo lonke ilunga. Noma ubani owenza i-laser welding kulezi zinto, ukuthola indawo efanelekile kuba okubalulekile. Kudingeka silungise izilungiselelo zethu ze-laser ngokucophelela, hhayi nje kuphela ngokusekelwe kusisindo sezinto kodwa futhi nokuthi yiziphi izinhlanganisela eziqondile esibhekana nazo esimweni ngasinye.

Ukuqondiswa kokulinganisa vs imodi yomgodi wesikhiye esekelwe kusayizi wesigamu kanye nokuqondiswa kokushisa kwe-tungsten carbide

Izingxenye zedayimane ezingaphansi kuka-3 mm zisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho ziqhuba ngoba ziyancibilikisa izindawo ngokwanele ngaphandle kokudiliza i-tungsten carbide. Nokho, lapho kusetshenziswa izingxenye ezinesisindo esikhulu, izinto ziyashintsha. Imodi yesikhiye yenza umsebenzi kodwa idinga ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile ngoba i-tungsten carbide iqhuba ukushisa ngokuphindwe kane kunensimbi. Yingakho izitolo eziningi ziguqula izinga lokushaya kwazo ngesikhathi kwenziwa lezi zindlela. Inkinga ivela lapho kushiselwa izinto ezicebile nge-carbide. Uma ungaqaphile, izimbobo zokuhwamuka ziqala ukwakheka ezingaholela ekuqhekekeni kamuva. Abakhiqizi abaningi abanolwazi banciphisa amandla abasebenzisa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-20 ukuze bagweme le nkinga. Ukulawula ukushisa kahle kwenza umehluko omkhulu emaqabungeni asetshenziselwa ukusika okunzima ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ijubane Lokushisela Nokumodula Kwe-Pulse: Ukulawula Ukwakheka Kokushisa Ukuvimbela Ukuqhekeka Okuphukile

Isikhathi esifanele sokuphefumula kanye nemvamisa yokunciphisa ukufafaza nokuqhekeka okuncane ezingxenyeni zedayimane

Ukwenza umehluko we-pulse ube ngcono kubaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi i-weld iyabamba kulezo zingxenye ezifakwe idayimane. Lapho sikhuluma ngama-pulse amafushane cishe angu-2 kuya kwangu-5 millisecond, empeleni asiza ekusakazeni ukushisa esikhundleni sokuvumela ukuba kukhule endaweni eyodwa. Lokhu kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukuba kungabi khona imifantu emincane kule ngxenye ye-tungsten carbide. Khona-ke kukhona nesilinganiso semvamisa. Ukwenza amaza aphakeme phakathi kuka-50 no-200 hertz kuyalungisa ngempela ukuncibilika kwezinto ezicibilikile, kunciphise ukuchitheka cishe ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nokumane usebenze ngokuqhubekayo. Umgomo lapha ukulawula ukuthi izinto zishisa kangakanani ngaphandle kokwenza amaphuzu okucindezeleka aholela ekuqhekekeni. Futhi masingakhohlwa ngamadayimane ngokwawo. Ukulawula izinga lokushisa kusho ukuthi sigwema ukufinyelela emazingeni ayingozi lapho amadayimane eqala ukuphenduka i-graphite. Ukuvumelanisa kahle zonke lezi zimo kwenza umehluko lapho usika amatshe aqinile ngaphandle kokuba izingxenye ziwele phakathi nomsebenzi.

Ukuvumelanisa isivinini sokuhamba nesikhathi sokuphefumula ukuqinisekisa ukuhlangana okuhambisanayo kuma-geometry amakhulu

Isivinini sokuhamba sidinga ukuhambisana nemijikelezo ye-pulse uma sifuna ukuthola ukuhlangana okufanayo kulezi zijoyinti eziyindilinga, okubaluleke ngokukhethekile lapho sisebenza nama-blade anobubanzi obukhulu. Lapho ugijima phakathi kwesigamu semitha ngomzuzu kuya kwamamitha amabili ngomzuzu, kulinganiswe kahle namazinga aphezulu okudlidliza, lokhu kusiza ukugcina ukujula kokungena kungaguquguquki kuyilapho kugcina ukushisa okuphelele ngaphansi kuka-0.8 kJ ngesentimitha. Uma amacici engaba amamitha angu-24 ububanzi, kudingeka isinyathelo esengeziwe. Uhlelo luzivumelanisa ngokushesha ukuze lubhekele indlela i-blade efuna ukuqhubeka ijikeleza ngayo, okugcina indawo yokuhlangana ibukeka kahle nxazonke. Ukwenza lokhu ngesikhathi esifanele kusho ukuthi ngeke kusaba khona ukujikeleza okubandayo emaphethelweni lapho izingxenye zihlangana khona, futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke into ihlala iqinile ngisho nalapho kusetshenziswa amandla agwegwile. Futhi ake sibhekane nakho, lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni lapho izinto zidinga ukubambelela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima.

I-Beam Geometry Nokulawula Ukugxila: Ukuthuthukisa Ukucacisa Nokugcwalisa I-Gap Ezimweni Ezinzima

Ubukhulu be-spot, indawo yokungagxili, nemiphumela yokunyakaza kwe-beam ekuhambisaneni kwe-weld kanye namandla okuhlangana

Ukuma nosayizi wemisebe ye - laser kubaluleke ngempela lapho kuhlanganiswa izingxenye zedayimane ngendlela efanele. Ngobukhulu bamabala angaphansi kuka-0.4 mm, kunamandla amaningi okudlula kodwa siba nezinkinga nge-tungsten carbide evuthayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabala amakhulu asiza kangcono ekuvaleni izikhala nakuba evame ukulimaza amalunga ngamaphesenti angu-15 kuya kwangu-20. Ukulungisa ukuthi ugesi ugxila kuphi kushintsha indlela ukushisa okusakazeka ngayo. Ukuhambisa iphuzu lokugxila phambili kwenza indawo yokuxhuma ibe banzi, okusiza ukuba kube nezindawo ezingalingani, kuyilapho ukuyidonsela emuva kugxilisa ukushisa ukuze kube nokuxhuma okuqinile phakathi kwe-carbide nensimbi. Abanye abakhiqizi namuhla basebenzisa izindlela zokunyakaza kwezibani, ezishukumisa nxazonke noma ezihamba phambili naphambili ngezikhathi eziphakathi kuka-100 no-500 ngomzuzwana. Lokhu kusakaza ukushisa ngokulinganayo futhi kunciphisa ukuvuleka okuncane okwenzeka ezintweni eziphukile ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-30. Isebenza kahle nasezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuthola zonke lezi zimiso kahle kuncike kakhulu kusayizi wezingxenye nokuthi hlobo luni lwento esisebenza ngayo. Ukuqapha ukukhishwa kwe-plasma ngesikhathi sangempela kuvumela opharetha ukuba bashintshe izilungiselelo zokunyakaza njengoba kudingeka. Lokhu kugcina amandla okudonsa ephakeme kuno-650 MPa ngisho nalapho kwenziwa lawo maqebelengwane amakhulu abantu abawafunayo namuhla.

Ukuvikela Igesi, Ukufaka Izinsimbi, Nokulawula Imvelo: Ukunciphisa Ukungavuleki Nokugqwala

Ukukhethwa kwegesi (Ar vs. He blends), ukwenziwa kahle kokugeleza, nokumbozwa kwendawo yokushisela izingxenye ze-carbide

Ukukhetha igesi yokuvikela efanele nendlela yokuyiletha kwenza umehluko lapho uzama ukugwema izinkinga ezinjengokuthungwa nokufakwa kwe-oxidation kulezo zingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-tungsten carbide ne-steel. I-Argon isebenza kahle njengendlela engabizi yokumboza izinhlobo eziningi zensimbi, kodwa lapho kusebenza izingxenye ezinesisindo, izitolo eziningi ziphendukela ekuxubeni kwe-helium. Lezi zinhlanganisela ziqhuba ukushisa ngokuphindwe kabili noma kathathu kunama-argon kuphela, okusiza ukuba kungene ngokujulile futhi empeleni kunciphisa ukuqhuma kokushisa kuma-carbide agcwele amadayimane. Ukuthola izinga lokugeleza kahle nakho kubalulekile. Iningi labashiselayo lithola ukuthi amalitha angu-8 kuya kwangu-15 ngomzuzu asebenza kahle. Uma igesi inganele, umoya ungena futhi udale izimbobo ezincane, kuyilapho uma igesi iningi kakhulu, ivele ivuselele izinto futhi iphazamise ukuzinza kwensimbi encibilikisiwe. Ukuze uthole ama-blade amakhulu, ukubeka ama-nozzles cishe ngama-degree angu-30 kuya kwangu-45 kunikeza ukumbozwa okungcono kuyo yonke indawo. Lokhu kuba okubaluleke ngempela ngezinto ezisabelayo ezifana neWC-10Co lapho ngisho nokungavumelani okuncane kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu kamuva.

Amasu okuqinisa aqinile ukugcina ukuyekelela kwe-gap okungaphansi kuka-0.1 mm nokucindezela ukugoqwa okubangelwa ukushisa

Ukuthola ukuqiniswa okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ubhekene nezinkinga zokuqondanisa okubangelwa ukucindezelwa ukushisa. Lapho sisebenzisa izibambo ezihamba ngamanzi noma ezihamba ngombane ezicindezela okungenani ama-Newton angu-500 ngesentimitha-skwele, singagcina izikhala zingaphansi kuka-0.1 mm. Lokhu kuvimbela izinkinga ezicasulayo ngokuhlangana okungaphelele phakathi kwezingxenye ze-carbide. Izinsimbi zethusi noma lezo ezipholiswa ngamanzi zenza izimangaliso ekufuneni ukushisa okwengeziwe. Zinciphisa amazinga okushisa aphezulu e-HAZ cishe ngo-40 kuya ku-60%, okwenza umehluko wangempela ekunciphiseni ukuhlanekezela. Lapho ama-blade emikhulu kune-500 mm ububanzi, ukuqiniswa okuhlukanisiwe kuyadingeka ukuze kube nokusabalalisa okufanayo komthwalo womshini. Ukuqhathaniswa kokushisa kusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi kufanele siwabeke kuphi la mafutha ukuze alwe nokwehla okungafani. Zonke lezi zindlela ndawonye zikwazi ukugcina ukuhlanekezela kulawulwa, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-0.05 mm ngemitha. Lelo zinga lokucacisa liqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuhlala kuzinzile ngokobukhulu phakathi nenqubo yokugaya ngemva kokushisela kuze kube yilapho sekugcineni isinyathelo sokulinganisa ibhande.

Ukuvimbela Amaphutha Nokuqinisekisa Inqubo: Ukuxhumanisa Amapharamitha Wokuwelda Nge-Laser Nokuqina Kwe-Blade

Ukwenza kahle amapharamitha wokushisela nge-laser kunquma ngokuqondile izinga lamaphutha nokusebenza kwangempela kwama-saw blade amakhulu.

Amaphutha avamile abangelwa amapharamithaukuqhumeka, ukuhlangana okungaphelele, nokuqhekeka kwe-HAZnezimpawu zawo zokwehluleka kwenkambu

Xa izimpawu akuzenzeki ngendlela efanelekileyo, kumelephakathi imiba yamathathu okuthi. Kukhona ukuba kukhona ukungabi khohlwa ngoba kunezinkinga ezinkulu kumathuba okhanya noma kungekho ingezo encane yokusebenza kwegesi enqwebekayo, lokhu kugcina amaphakethe aphathekayo ngaphakathi. Lezi zigasa ezigcinwe ziyakhula kakhulu isivinini sokuthi izikhumba zihlaba njengoba izinto ziqhubeka zilahlekiswa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ingozi engenye kukhona ukungabi nemfushane. Lokhu kuyisiphumo esingcono sokuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona amandla angaphansi noma ukuthi uhamba umlilo wokunqoba ngokushesha kangaka kusayensi. Kanti ke, kuyakhiwa izindawo apho izici azibondi ngendlela efanele kuyo yonke indawo yomlilo, futhi uzazi? Lezi zici zingahamba ngaphandle ngokuphazanywayo xa igcimbi libalulekile, likhuthaza imiba engcono. Kananjalo kunjalo ukuqhuma kwe-HAZ. Xa izinto zihlukana ngokushesha emva kokunqoba, umetali wobuso ubala into oyithi i-martensite, iyintonga enqunywa kakhulu. Izinto ezakhiwe ngale ndlela zizogijima ngokugcwele ekuthakazeni. Ukubheka izimo eziphathelene nokulahleka kwasekhaya kusinika incazelo ekhethekileyo yokuthi kwenzeke yini: ukulahlwa kungafani na nezingozi zokungabi khohlwa, izici ezingapholakali zibonisa ukungabi nemfushane, kanti nezicabhuza zizonke izici ezingahlwini zibe namandla afushane.

Ukubeka isimo (ukulinganisa ukunyuka kwesithuthi, ukugcina umthelelo) nokulungiswa okuvumelana kwezivinini zokwakha ukuze kukhokelele ekwakheni ngokuphathelene

Uma izinhlelo zokulungiswa eziphucukelayo zifakwa kumthethoselulo wokwakha, zisiza ekutholeni izinkinga ngaphambi koko kuba yizinkinga ezinkulu. Isihlweko sikhombisa ukuthi kusebenzisa ukulunga kwamathuba okuqina ukulunga kwamanzi emshini xa akhiwa, ukuze kubonakale uma izinto ziya phambili futhi kungeke kube nenqubo yokudonsa kumkhiyalo ophindileyo. Izinhlelo zokulunga zibuka ukuthi kuneziphatheka njani izithombe zamanzi ngenkathi kushintshwa ukuthola iziqinisekiso zokuphazanyiswa okunciphisa okuthinta konke. Lonke lo hlelo luzogcina kuqhathaniswa nokulungiswa okwenza izilungiso ezifana nokulunga kwegesi eliselwe, ubude bezigaba, nehamkhaya amathuba ashintsha kumongo. Sebenzisa isibonelo sokulunga kokugcina. Uma lezi zilungiso zibonakala, kusho ukuthi kukhona umlando obanzi we-HAZ embrittlement, ngakho ke inqubo ichitha igesi elisebenziswayo ngokuzenzekelayo. Lokhu kusho yini? Kukhona izici ezingaphezu, ukufinyelela okulinganayo njalo, iblade ehlala kude ekusebenzeni, kunye nesindleko esingaphezu yokulungiswa kabusha nothando olungaphezu kwalokho, ikakhulukazi kubalulekile uma kusebenzisa izindlela zokwakha eziphakeme lapho izinguquko ezincane kuphela ziyakha izindleko ezinkulu ebusuku.