Imizamo yeFederal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA) Ngomlando Wamalabeli Osesikhumbuzo Sokuphutha

Lapho i-FHSA Esebenza: Ubungako bendawo enobuthixo, izinkinga zokushisa (isb., ukukhiqizwa kwechithiphu le-silica), nezinga eliphephileyo yekushayiswa

Amaphadi akuphakama anezinhlelo eziphathelene ngezici noma zenzela izinkinga zokugcinwa kwintando zilandela izinholela ze-Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA). Izibonakude kakhulu ziyizihlwanhla ze-diamond abrasives ngoba zibeka izinto ezincane ze-silica eziqinisekisa i-Occupational Safety and Health Administration njengezinto ezenza ubuhlankahlana. Amaphrodukti anezikhovu noma izirichina eziphuthumayo kufuneka afake lezi zinholela futhi. Ngokwesilingo, izinto njenge-amaphadi abhayisika emandla amakhwehli noma ukulahlekelwa kwezinyawo kusukela kuzinzileyo ezingcono kuyasebenza izimfuno ze-FHSA. Izinto ezisetyenziswa endlini kumele zilandelane nezimfuno zokuphepha njengoba izilinganiso zomphathi, ukuthatha isibindi, noma iziphazamiso ze-chemicals ziyekwa phansi kwezidinga kwi-16 CFR §1500.3. Amakhampani kumele acabangele indlela abantu abasebenzisa ngayo izaphrodukti zakhe futhi kungani kube khona ukuthi kusebenziswe ngendlela engavumelekile eyenzela imfanelo enkulu yokuhlukunyezwa. Lokhu kuyakwaziwa kakhulu ekuphahleni ngaphandle kwebhubesi lapho abasebenzi bangaphansi kwe-OSHA ye-micrograms 50 ngasorting yikhasimende yesilica dust. Uma abafumini bazohlwayela lezi zinholela, i-Consumer Product Safety Commission ingasusa izaphrodukti futhi ibhabhabe ngamadola angama-$100,000 ngalinye i-violation abayithola.

Izinqinobeko ezifaneleka kumakethe: Igama lokusho, incazelo yomsimbi, amazwi okulungiselela, nokuziphatha kwemfuku engaqondakali ngabantwana

I-FHSA iyadinga izinto eziyi-4 eziphathelene ngepolishi ingcobo emaketheni yokususa umsindo:

• Igama lokusho : “DANGER” kumsimbi omkhulu njengepofu eqidileyo, noma “WARNING” kumsimbi ongenamnqamlezelo
• Incazelo yomsimbi : Incazelo esihlakaniphileyo njenge “Ukugaya kwenza iphofu ye-silica eyenza umsindo wamanzi osindisayo”
• Amazwi okulungiselela : Amaphawunti okulungiselela okuphatha ukuncika, kufaka phakathi izindlela zokusebenzisa mfula, ukuhlanjwa, nezinyathelo zokuqala zokunakekela
• Imfuko engaqondakali ngabantwana : Ifanele xa izinto ezibishayo ziyakhula kakhulu kakhulu njengoba kuchazwe ku-16 CFR §1700.14

Ukushiya kwezinhlelo zokwelashwa kufuneka kube yisisekelo ngokwengeziwe kuququzelelo ngelizwi lesiNgisi alikancane kangaka ku-6 points. Ikhomishini Yokhangelwa Kwesicelo Sebhinge Yezimali inemithetho engavumeli ukuthi kuthunyelwe izinto njenge "non-hazardous" noma ngaphezu kwalezo zimpendulo ezidingekayo ze-FHSA. Xa kusebenziswa izinto ezinezimoto eziphathelene kakhulu, abayenzela kumele bakwazi ukulandela imithetho ye-Poison Prevention Packaging Act ngokuphatha kwezibhamu ezingavunyelani amadodana. Kungaphawuli futhi izidingo zokuthula: konke okushiyiwe kulezi qoqo kumele kube khona futhi kubonakale kanye ngokuphatha kwesimo esiphatha kakhulu. Akunakuhlala libuye emva kokhutshwa kumafula ama-6 noma akhohlakalale xa kusebenziswa kakhulu. Nangoba kusebenzisa emaqathini amahle njengokuxwaya kwegcina noma ukuthinta nokukhanya okuthile, wonke umlando ofanele ubukeka futhi ube yisisekelo ngokugcwele kuyo yonke indima yesicelo.

OSHA Ukuxhumana Ngokholo & Ukwahlukaniswa Kwe-GHS Ezilondolozweni Izinqumo Zokwelashwa ZePolishing Pad

Ukuthiwa Kwe-SDS Nokulabela Kwisikhala Ngokwesivumelwano sikaOSHA sokuBekisa Imithetho (29 CFR 1910.1200) kanye NeGHS Isibuyekezo 7

Ngokwesivumelwano sikaOSHA sokuxhumana ngamathile okulinganisa (29 CFR 1910.1200), kumele amabhange akwazi ukulawula imilabeli yemoto yokuphahla ukuze ibe yinyaniso yokubekisa iminikelo. Isibuyekezo se2024 sifaka iGHS Isibuyekezo 7, esidinga izinto ezifanayo futhi kuzo kufakwa:

• Izithombe zokugcinwa kwezempilo nezempilo, njengezinkinga zokuhlwa kusuka kuqina ka-silica
• Amazwi ekuvikeleka afaka ukusebenzisa ngempilo, ukugcina nokuphendula ngokushesha kwizimeme
• Ukubekwa kwezinkinga efanayo phakathi kwemilabeli namasekeli we-SDS

Abasebenzisa kumele bakhangelani ukuthi imilabeli yesikhala ihambisane neminikelo ye-SDS, ikakhulukazi kumathulwa abonakalayo atholakala kuqina otholakala ku-silica. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukunciphisa isiphikisphiki ngexesha lokulungisa isikhala kwaye kunciphise ukulandela isivumelwano sikaOSHA sokulinganisa qina elitholakala ku-silica (29 CFR 1926.1153).

Imikhuba Yemilabeli: Ukungabi ngesi ku-UV, Ukungabi ngokugayaya, Nokuhlanganiswa Nezibhamu

Imilabeli yepadi yokupholisha kumele ichwethe izimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza, ihlinzeke ngendlela engahle ngaphandle kwezimo ezilandelayo:

• Ukuthintana ne-UV : Kumele kube khona ukulindeleka kwezimo zangaphandle zokupholisha kokrete ukuze kugunyazwe ukubadala
• Ukuhlukunyama : Kumele ibuke umsebenzi wokuthintana nobuso nabagqabi
• Izisekelo ezinemvelo : Kumele ingasayi xa ithintana nezibhedele

Imilabeli ethinta lezimo zokudurable iyaphula amathiphu ase-OSHA e-HazCom. Uguquko lwe-GHS loku-7 lubuyisela lokhu ngokuzimisa izibonelo ezivamile zokujonga i-adhesives nemithombo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhumbuzo malunga nokuthintana ne-silica zibonakala futhi zifundwayo ngithina inhlalo yomsebenzi.

Amavali Ayisiphefulekileyo Ekhuluma Ngamalabeli Okhondisa Okupholisha

Amadinga we-ANSI B7.1-2022 ne-ANSI B11.26-2022 malunga namathambo okuhlonza, amazwi okuphepha kumsebenzi, kanye namaphondo alandelwa yisimo sezinhlangano

Amalabeli okumema kumapadi okuphakela kumele achukumeze izinhloso ze-ANSI B7.1-2022 ne-ANSI B11.26-2022, ezivamisa ukuthatha yini ngokudonsayo okuphathelene nokumema kwezinhlelo zokulahla. Lezi zinhloso zidinga amathambo akhona mayelana nemithandazo ephathekile njengekhuba lokuhlaziyeka kwesilingo, ukuthathwa kumshini, nokunyoka kwe-silica dust xa kusebenziswa i-diamond abrasives. Kumele lezi labeli zibone amashaneli ahlelekile njenge-Danger noma Warning bese zinike amathulwana ethile abasebenzi kumele bathathe, kanye nokuthi kunezivimba eziphumelelayo kanye nokuthi basebenzise i-PPE ehlukile. Ukuthile kule mthandazo ihlale kuyisikhathi eside, abayikhi kumele bachithe ngemikhumbi eyodwa ukulahlekelwa kwe-UV futhi ibe yiqiniso noma kube khona izinkabi. Ukulandela lezi zinhlalo ayizuzi kuphela okulungile emsebenzini, kodwa kumele kube khona ukuthintela izindleko, ikakhulukazi lapho i-silica dust ishiya kusenzeni.

Amathambo Mayelana Ne-Silica Dust Exposure: Ubukhona Nobulayizo Bezempatho Kwezabeli Zokuphakela

Imibhalo esheshayo epheleleyo yesitsha sokuphulisha kusilica idusti kumele ibe nendawo eyithile futhi ilandele imitholampilo engcono yokufaka izinkcazelo ukuze iyisisekelo sikaOSHA se-silica esinokuphunyulwa (29 CFR 1926.1153). Izinto ezidingekayo kuzo:

• Amagama okushesha ("DANGER" noma "WARNING") ngamagama amakhulu
• Umbhalo wend danger kusho ngqondweni "kuchaphaza amadwalili" noma "uhlangothi lwecancer"
• Imitholampilo njenge"Sebenzisa isiphefumulo se-NIOSH se-N95" ne"Kudingeka ukusebenzisa indlela yokugcina ngamanzi"
• Izipictogram ebonisa ukulungiswa kwe-manifestation nezinkuni zedusti

Ukufakwa kumele kube yisisekelo se-ANSI Z535.4 sokubonakala:

• Ehloleni kumayeli wesithupha sepad kusukela ku-6 inches
• Kulandelwa ngokushesha kumgwa wokufunda ngelinye ilanga
• Kusekelwa kumayeli ayathintela ukugayaya, amasolavhu nokuqashwa kuka-UV
• Kudanjelwa kumkamo uma indawo yelabeli ingaphansi kuka-16 in²

Ukungahlali kungasekela ekutholeni imali engaphezulu kuka-$15,000 ngalunye uhlobo lwentuthuko. Ukulabela kakhulu kuneqiniso elikhulu ekukhuliseni isifo sika-silicosis, esisodwa esihlala siyathinta abasebenzi base-US abangaphezulu kuka-2.3 million ngonyaka (CDC 2024).

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

1. Yiziphi iziphumathi ezidingekayo kumalabeli okulondoloza emanzini kanye ne-FHSA?

I-FHSA iyadinga ukuthi amalabeli okulondoloza abe nencazelo yezwi ('DANGER' noma 'WARNING'), incazelo yesimo esingcono, amancazelo okulondoloza, nokuziphatha kwemfanelo yokupakisha engavulwa ngabantwana.

2. Yiziphi izidingo ze-OSHA kumalabeli epolishing pad?

I-OSHA iyadinga ukuthi amalabeli afaniswe ne-Safety Data Sheets, aqonde amaphawu, amancazelo okulondoloza, nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziphazanyayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kufaniswe nezinhlobo ze-GHS Revision 7.

3. Kungani ubomi bendawo okubhalwe kulo kubaluleke kakhulu kuzwarn mebala yezikhathi zokuphahla?

Ubomi bendawo bu balulekile ukuthinta ukuthi izihlabela zilindelelwe phakade emaphandleni amadulayo, akwenzeka ukuthi kuhlale kuqinisekise ukuthi zibonakala ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi zomphakathi, kungeza ekuthobeni kwe-UV, ukugayaya nokuthintana nezinkuni, ukuze kutholakale kulesi qhaza sikaOSHA.

4. U-ANSI usenza yini ngamaqonga ezigaba esikhathini sezikhathi zokuphahla?

Amaganga ka-ANSI ahola njengoko kufanele kube khona umshumo wesetyenziso sebulungisa kwezixhobo zokugayaya, ababophelela ukuthi izihlabela zibhale izindleko zeziphethini ngendlela efanelekile futhi ziqinisekise ubomi bempilo ngaphandle kwezimo zomphakathi.