Ukufunda Indlela Yokuphazanyezwa Kwe-diamond Kwi-bits Ezenziwe Ngendlela Yoko Electroplated

Ukuchaza Ukuphazanyezwa Kwe-diamond Nokuthinta Kwalo Kwezindleko Zokugaya

Lapho izinketho ze-diamond ezenziwa khona zihlukana kuzinkulungwane ze-drill eziqashelwe ngokuhlaka ezizungezile ngaphambi koko kuthathe inkinga yabo yonke yokugcwalisa, lokhu kuthiwa ukuphuma kwezinketho ngaphambilini. Lo hlelo lwempilo lahlukahluka njengoba lingcwaliseka ubude bezinsiza, kangangaphakathi kakhulu kube 40% ngaphansi kwezidingo. Esikhundleni sokudinga ukushintjiswa kwamandla nok spending extra money on operations, lo mlando wakhiwa imali engafuneki kumagunya. Okukhanya kulo ngaphandle kwekhuba elijwayelekile lapho izinketho ziqaqa qhubeka ngenkathi zisetyenziswa ngendlela ethile ngaphambilini, amaqatha amagugu ahlala apholile ekugcineni okugciniwe. Lokhu kusho kithi kukhona umlando othile esimweni apho izinketho zidlala nenikelu emsheneshweni wokudluliswa.

Indima Yomdlalo Ophakathi Kwezinketho Ze-Diamond Ne-Matrix Ye-Nickel

Ukuba kusebenze kahle, kudingeka ukuthi izindalo zikhiphe kahle kumatrikisi we-nickel. Kukhona indlela eyisithathu lokhu kuthinta: kuqala, amaphepha amancane akhiwa ngomgwa wamakhristali wezindalo, okwesibili, i-nickel ihlala kuzindimba ezibomvu kumzimba ukudala i-dendrites, nokugcina, ukugcinwa kwezinkinga kakhulisa ngexesha le-electrodeposition. Ubunzima bale mithombo kubalulekile kakhulu ngoba kumele kube yinxalenye yezinkinga zokuthinta ezingaphezu kwe-3 ukuya ku-5 gigapascals xa kusebenziswa nezinkinga ezibuthathaka. Xa sibheka izimo ze-nickel, iingcinga zikha xa sibona i-<100> ezingavumelekanga okanye ezingalindelekanga kumzimba wonke. Leengcinga zingakha izindawo ezilindelwa kuzo izindalo ezingavumelekanga xa ziqhamuka ngokuchasene nempazamo ngexesha lokusebenza.

Indlela Okunjalo Ukuphambana Okunjalo Kuthinta Ukuphazamiseka Kwesindalo Nokuphazamiseka Kwesixeko

Uma izimo eziphakeme kuzintonga zokufaka izimo azifani, kungakha izikhala ezincane phakathi kwekhabhoni ne-nikel apho azidlanganisi kahle. Lezi ziphazinyo zizofakelwa kakhulu uma izixhobo zihamba ngokudlulula izikhala zokugcina. Izifundo ziqinisekisa ukuthi uma indawo yokudluliswa iphazanyiswa ngaproximately 15%, amandla okudluliswa aphelele kabili ngokulinganiselwa kumodeli wokudluliswa. Oku kusenzekayo emva koko kuyinkinga kakhulu futhi. Uma izidili ziqala ukusuka kulezi ziphazinyo ezincane, i-nikel engaphakathi ingadlulwa ngokushesha kunezindawo ezigcwele ngamadili. Lokhu kudlula konke isakhiwo ngokushesha, okusho ukuthi izixhobo azizange zilinde kude ngaphambi kokuthi zilondolozwe.

Amaphropathi eBond Matrix: Ubunzima, Isilinganiso sokuDluliswa, kanye Nempilo Yomthombo

Ukukhuphuka kwezidili ngaphambi kokuthi kufanele kungaqondana nokulinganiselwa kwezaphropathi zomthombo. Ukulinganisa phakathi kwebunzima, isilinganiso sokuDluliswa, kanye nempilo yomthombo kuyakala ukuthi izidili ziyakha kanjani ngemva kokuthi ziqhubekile ngokugcina kwezikhala ezinamandla.

Ukuqina kwezibopho okungafani kuyasheshisa ukuchayeka nokuqhekeka kwedayimane

Lapho i-matrix yezibopho iba lukhuni kakhulu, empeleni iyaphela kancane kunama-diamond particles ngokwawo. Kwenzekani-ke? Imikhawulo esha ayibonakali kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi lokhu kubangela izinkinga ezansi. Amadayimane aqala ukuvela ngokuzumayo, ukusika kuba ngcono kakhulu, futhi amathuluzi awahlali isikhathi eside, mhlawumbe cishe ama-40% isikhathi esifushane sokusebenza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izibopho zithambile kakhulu ziyaphula ngokushesha kakhulu. Amadayimane awabanjwa kahle ngokwanele ukuba enze umsebenzi wawo ngendlela efanele. Abakhiqizi bakubona lokhu ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho bezama ukulinganisela ukusebenza kahle nezindleko.

Ukwenza ngcono ukuvumelanisa ukugqoka phakathi kwebhondi namadayimane ukuze kugcinwe

Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwenzeka lapho i-bond matrix iqeda amandla ngesikhathi esifanayo nokugqokwa kwedayimane. Ucwaningo lwasensimini lubonisa ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganiswa kuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwedayimane ngo-25-30%, kuqinisekisa ukuvezwa okuqhubekayo kwemiphetho ebukhali. Izinga lokugqoka elifaniswe kahle livimbela kokubili ukudonsa ngaphambi kwesikhathi nokungaphumeleli kokugqwala, kugcina isenzo sokusika esinamandla kuyo yonke impilo ye-bit.

Ukungcola nokwakheka okungalungile okuqeda amandla omshini we-electroplated

Ukungcola noma izilinganiso ezingalungile ze-nickel-to-additive zifaka amaphuzu abuthakathaka esakhiweni se-matrix. Ngisho nokungcola okungu-23% kunganciphisa amandla okuhlangana kwe-interfacial ngo-50%, kwenze kube lula ukuba i-microcracking ngaphansi kokucindezelwa okushisayo nokungokomshini. Ukuhlaziywa nokugcotshwa okuvamile kokuhlanganiswa okwenziwayo kusiza ukugcina ikhwalithi yokufakelwa okufanayo nokufakwa kwedayimane okuqinile.

Ifakti	Umthelela Ekugcinweni	Indlela Yokulungisa
Ukungafani kobunzima be-bond	Ukulahlekelwa okusheshayo kokuqina	Qondanisa ubulukhuni nezinto eziqhutshwa
Ukugqoka okungahambelani	Ukusebenza kokusika okungahambelani	Lungisa amazinga e-cobalt/alloy
Ukungcola kwe-matrix	Ukuhluleka kwemali yesibambiso yasendaweni	Faka izinhlelo zokuhlunga ezisemgqeni

Ukwakhiwa kwezibopho okufanele kuhlanganisa lezi zici ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amadayimane ahlala eqinile kuze kube yilapho egqoke ngokuphelele.

Amaphutha Ekhwalithi Yokugcoba Nge-Electroplating Nezibopho Zokuhlangana

Ukubambelela Okubi Kwe-Nickel Plating Okubangela Ukukhishwa Kwe-Delamination Ne-Diamond Fallout

Ngokwenhlangano i-Abrasive Tool Society ngonyaka odlule, cishe u-38% walezo zinto ezilahlekile zedayimane ekuqaleni kwezingcezu zokubhola ezishaywa ugesi empeleni zivela ekubambeni okungalungile esigabeni. Lapho kunokungcola phezu komhlaba noma lapho ukulungiselela ukufakwa kwe-plating kungenziwanga kahle, kuyayiphazamisa indlela izinto ezinamathela ngayo ndawonye. Lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwemifantu emincane lapho ithuluzi lisebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo? Lezo zintathu ezincane zikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zakha izindlela lapho izingqimba ziqala khona ukuwa. Ekugcineni amaqembu aphelele amadayimane ayasuka nje, ashiye izindawo ezingenalutho ezingenzi lutho ekusikeni ukusebenza. Kuyakhungathekisa ngempela kunoma ubani othembele emiphumeleni engaguquguquki evela emishini yakhe.

Ukungagcwali Okuqinile Okubangela Ukwehla Kwamandla Okuqinisa Idayimane

Amatshe edayimane awavikelekile kahle lapho izingqimba ezifakelwe i-electroplated ziwela ngaphansi kwama-microns angu-30 ubukhulu, okushiya cishe u-40% wendawo yawo ivulekele amandla aseceleni ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngonyaka odlule lwabonisa ukuthi ama-drill bit angenawo ama-plating anele alahlekelwa amadayimane awo cishe ngokuphindwe kabili (ngama-55% ngokushesha) lapho esebenza egranite uma eqhathaniswa nama-counterpart awo aqoshwe kahle. Lapho amadayimane engashoni ngokujulile ngokwanele emathrikhi, avame ukuphuma ngaphambi kokuba aguge ngokwemvelo, okuyinto encishisa ukuphila kwawo okuwusizo kakhulu.

Umthelela Wokungcola Nokungapheleli Kwama-deposit On Bond Integrity

Ifakti	Umthelela Emandleni Esibopho	Ukulahlekelwa Ukugcinwa Kwedayimane
Izingcolisi eziphilayo	Kudala izindawo ezibucayi	ukwanda okungama-22%-34%
Izendlalelo ze-oxide	Kuvimbela ukusabalala kwensimbi	ukwehliswa kuka-18% kuya ku-27%
Ukuphakama kokuqina kwamanje	Ukumiswa okungafani	umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu

Amaphutha anjengomoya oboshiwe, ukungcola kwamakhemikhali, noma ukusabalalisa ugesi okungafani asebenza njengezikhungo zokucindezela, okukhuthaza ukuqala nokuqhekeka. La maphutha abuthakathaka ubuqotho besakhiwo se-nickel matrix. Abakhiqizi babhekana nalezi zingozi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlanza kwe-ultrasonic okuyizinyathelo eziningi nokuqapha isikhathi sangempela kwamakhemikhali okugeza.

Izici Zokusebenza Ezineqhaza Ekukhishweni Kwedayimane Ngokushesha

Ukucindezela Okudlulele Kokubhola Okudlula Amandla Okugcina Amadayimane

Ukusebenzisa amandla okubhora angaphezu kuka-5070 N/mm2 kunengozi yokudlula amandla okufaka i-nickel matrix. Lokhu kucindezela ngokweqile kubangela ukuqhuma okuncane esiqhingini se-diamond-bond, okubangela ukukhipha ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izingcezu ezicindezelwa ngokweqile ngama-25% zilahlekelwa ama-40% amadayimane azo emizuzwini yokuqala engu-20 yokusebenza uma kuqhathaniswa namathuluzi agcwele kahle.

Isivinini Sokubhola, Ukushisa Nokupholisa

Ukuthola isivinini sokubhola esifanele kusho ukuthola indawo efanele phakathi kokusika impahla nokugcina izinto zipholile ngokwanele ukuba zingalimali. Lapho amazinga okushisa enyuka edlula ama-350 degrees Celsius, izibopho ze-nickel ziqala ukuwohloka ngokuphawulekayo, zilahlekelwa cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamandla azo. Ukungabi nokugeleza okwanele kwamanzi okupholisa kungenye inkinga enkulu. Ama-bit angu-100 mm avamile adinga okungenani amalitha amabili ngomzuzu ukuze ahlale ngaphakathi kwemingcele ephephile. Uma kungekho ukupholile okwanele, ukushisa kuyakhula ngokushesha, okwenza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zibe mnene futhi kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuba amadayimane aphume endaweni yawo. Ukuhlolwa kwezwe langempela nakho kuyakuqinisekisa lokhu. Ukubhola ngaphandle kwamanzi kuvame ukuzigqokisa ngokushesha izikhathi ezingaba zintathu lezo zinsimbi eziyigugu uma kuqhathaniswa nalapho kufakwa amanzi okupholisa. Kunengqondo ukuthi kungani izitolo ezincika kumathuluzi edayimane njalo zigcizelela izinhlelo ezinhle zokupholisa.

Ukucindezeleka Okushisayo Okuvela Emikhakheni Engalingani Okuholela Ekuwohlokeni Kwezibopho

Lapho amazinga okushisa eshintsha phakathi kuka-150°C no-400°C phakathi nemisebenzi yokuqhumisa nokuqalisa, kudala umehluko wokunwetshwa lapho i-nickel ihlangana khona nezinto eziyigugu. Ngemva kokufudumeza nokupholisa izikhathi eziningana, lolu hlobo lokucindezeleka okushisayo empeleni lubuthakathaka ngamandla okubopha cishe ngamaphesenti angu-18 kuya kwangu-22 ngemva kwamakhulu eminyaka. Ukuqapha izici eziningana ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sangempela kwenza umehluko. Ukwehluka kwamazinga okushisa okupholisa kufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-15 degrees, ijubane lenjini kufanele lihlale lizinzile phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-5 nangaphansi, futhi amandla asetshenzisiwe akufanele ahlukane ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-10 kusuka emazingeni okuhlosiwe. Lezi zinguquko ezincane kodwa ezibalulekile zisiza ekulondolozeni ubuqotho besibopho. Okuhlangenwe nakho komkhakha kubonisa ukuthi lapho opharetha bekwazi ukugcina la malungiselelo ehambisana kahle, ngokuvamile babona ukuphila kwethuluzi kwandiswa cishe ngamaphesenti amathathu uma kuqhathaniswa nemikhuba evamile.

Izixazululo Zokwakha Nokukhiqiza Zokuvimbela Ukukhishwa Kwedayimane

Ukwenza ngcono ukuvezwa kwedayimane nokujula kokufakwa ku-matrix design

Lapho kuziwa ekuthuthukiseni indlela lezi zinsimbi eziphatha ngayo, abakhiqizi bagxila ekutholeni inani elifanele lamadayimane abonakalayo nokuthi angena kangakanani ngaphakathi. Uma idayimane eliningi kakhulu libonakala, kunethuba langempela lezinkinga ezingokomshini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma amadayimane engathinteki ngokwanele, nawo ngeke anamathele kahle. Nokho, ucwaningo lwamuva lonyaka odlule lwabonisa okuthile okuthakazelisayo. Ama-bit lapho cishe amaphesenti angu-40 kuya kwangu-50 ebusweni bedayimane ayebonakala khona, kanye nezingxenye ezingaba ngu-70 micrometers ezingaphansi, empeleni enza kangcono ngamaphesenti angu-38 kunamamodeli amadala. Iyini imfihlo? Ukuhlolwa kwe-laser kwakha amabalazwe anemininingwane asiza ekusakazeni amadayimane ngokulinganayo kulo lonke ithuluzi futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi konke kuhlanganiswa ngendlela efanayo lapho kwenziwa.

Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi Kwama-Diamond Grits Ukuze Kuthuthukiswe Ukuhlangana Kwama-Interface

Ukusebenzisa izembozo zokwenza izinsimbi (njenge-titanium noma i-chromium ngokufakwa komphunga) kwakha izindawo zedayimane ezinzima kakhulu ezivele ziboshwe endaweni ngaphakathi kwe-nickel matrix. Waba yini umphumela? Ukubopha okuqinile kakhulu phakathi kwezinto ezibonakalayo nokumelana okukhulu lapho amandla ezama ukuzidonsa. Ukuhlolwa okuthile kubonisa ukuthi lokhu kungenza izinto zikhuthazele ngokuphindwe kathathu. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule phakathi nokuhlolwa kwensimu, amabhodi okubhora asebenzisa la madayimane ane-nickel ayesebenza isikhathi esiphindwe kabili (cishe ama-62%) kunalawo ajwayelekile lapho ebhora ezindaweni ezakhiwe ngamatshe egranite. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kusho ukuthi kudingeka izinto ezincane ezishintshelwa ezinye endaweni, okuyosindisa isikhathi nemali yokusebenza.

Amasu Okuthuthukisa Ukufakwa Kwe-Pulse Plating Ukuze Uqinise Ama-electroplated Bonds

I-reverse pulse electroplating ikhiqiza ama-nickel matrices acinene futhi afanayo ngokubuyisela emuva ukugeleza kwamanje ngezikhathi ezithile. Le ndlela inciphisa ukwakheka kwezikhala nokucindezelwa kwangaphakathi, kufinyelela ubulukhuni be-bind HV 45022% obuphakeme kunama-matrix afakwe i-DC (HV 370). Isakhiwo sokusanhlamvu esicwengekile simelana nokwanda kwe-microcrack ngaphansi komthwalo we-cyclic, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina.

Ukuqapha Isikhathi Sangempela Kwamapharamitha Wokusebenza Ukuze Wandise Impilo Yethuluzi

Amabhithi anezinzwa zokushisa nezokudlidliza angakwazi ukulungisa izinga lokudla nokugeleza kwamanzi okupholisa njengoba esebenza. Ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa buvimbela lezo zindawo ezishisayo ukuba zenziwe cishe ngama-650 degrees Celsius, okwakuyokwenza umonakalo ekuxhumaneni phakathi kwe-nickel namadayimane. Ukuhlolwa kwezwe langempela kuye kwatholakala okuthile okumangalisayo. Lapho lezi zibhobo ezihlakaniphile zigcina ingcindezi efanelekile ngenkathi zigijima ngejubane elifanele, amathuba okuba amadayimane aphume ngesikhathi sokusebenza kukhonkolo ayaba mancane ngokuphindwe kabili. Lokho kwenza umehluko omkhulu ezindaweni zokwakha lapho isikhathi sokuphumula sibiza imali.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kuyini ukuhoxiswa kwedayimane ngaphambi kwesikhathi?

Ukudonswa kwedayimane ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwenzeka lapho izinhlayiya zedayimane zokwenziwa zihlukana nezingcezu zokubhola ezishaywe ngogesi ngaphambi kokuqeda umsebenzi wazo wokusika. Lokhu kungahambi kahle kunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwethuluzi kuze kufike ku-40%.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nickel-matrix kuwuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kahle kwamathuluzi?

Ukuxhakaxhaka okukhulu phakathi kwezinkunkuma zediamond kunematrikisi yenickel kuyisisekelo ekufuneka kuthathelwe indiza yomsebenzi. Ukudibana okungaphansi kukhupha kusendleleni kwediamond nokunciphisa ubude bebhola.

Kungani ubuchwepheshe bomatrikisi webondi bubalulekile?

Ubunzima bomatrikisi webondi buhlanganisa nokubonakala nokuthishiwa kwediamond. Ubunzima obungahambelani nobuhlobo bokuthishiwa kube lula, kodwa ukusebentisa okuvumelanayo kuhlela iphephandaba.

Ungani amadoti athinta ngempilo ephlatshelwe ngamanxi?

Amadoti okanye izinguquko ezimbi zenickel-ku-izidingo zenzela izindawo eziphansi ematrikisini, zikhubaza ubuchwepheshe bomdibaniso futhi zongezisa ukutholakala kwegesi lokuphulwa kwediamond.

Ungani indima eqinisekileyo yokuguqulwa kumthombo wodiamond?

Ukugcina okuningi kokudrill kunezindlela zokwandisa ubuchwepheshe bomthelela womatrikisi, kuthisha izikhumba ezincane nezigaba esendleleni sokuphulwa kwediamond.

Bangani abayikremera ukukhupha kusendleleni kwediamond?

Ukudizaina kwezimodi ezifanele, ukulungisa ukubonakala kuka-Diamond, ukusebenzisa izivumelwano zezintonga, nokusebenzisa izindlela ezivuselela zokulayisha zenzela konke ukukhuphuka.