Ukulwazi Ngezimali Ezisetshenziswa Kukhiqizweni Kwezixwebhu Zediamond

Kungani Ukukhiqiza Kwezixwebhu Zediamond Kusenziwa Ngamandla Aphezulu: Izinkundla Ezikhulu Nezimpawu

Ukukhiqiza kwezixwebhu zediamond kusenziwa ngamandla aphezulu ngoba kudinga imithetho yomoya okuphakeme ukuze kwenziwe nekuprosesa idiamond—yinto enobukhityana nobunzima obuphelele. Iziphazamo ezintathu ziyilapho ekumele amandla avikeleke:

1. Ukudala idiamond esingeni , ngokuphawula nge-HPHT (High Pressure High Temperature) noma i-CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition). Kudinga ukuthi i-HPHT isetile ku-1,500°C kanye nezinkwa eziyi-50,000 ezizimelela imihla engu-1; i-CVD iyinolwazi lokuthembeka kwe-hydrocarbon esebenzisa i-plasma emaphakade amancane kodwa isetile izimo eziphathelene nokwenzeka okuphelele kanye nezindlela zokugcina izimu.
2. Ukusebenzisa izimboni eziphezulu kakhulu , lapho ukugaya kanye ne-electrical discharge machining (EDM) kuthatha amandla aphezulu ukuze akwazi ukulahlekelwa ukungcoliswa kwe-diamond—kuyadinga ukuba kube khona izivikelo eziningi kanye nezibophelelo eziphathelene nokugcina izimu.
3. Ukuprosesa emuva , kufaka phakathi ukukhupha nge-laser, ukunyakwa kwezibhamu, kanye nokugcina kwesayizi, okunye okwandisa inani elijwayelekile ngoba kudinga ubuchwepheshe kabanzi kanye nokungabi namandla amaningi ekuprocesseni.

Ngokuhlanganyela, lezi zinyathelo zonke zibala kwi-70—85% yezimali zezimali zezimali zezikhala, ngaphandle kuka-HPHT kuphela okubalwa ngama-~50% kule qiniso.

Izilinganiso Zokuvulekile: Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Ngayinyaniso (kWh/inyaniso) Ngaphezu Kuka-HPHT, i-CVD, kanye Nezinye Izinyathelo

Ukukhazimula kwe-zenzulu kuyaphinda-phinda ngokwesindleko—kunika izindlela eziqinileyo zokuthembeka okuphathelene nokuthembeka:

• Ukudala kwe-HPHT : 50—100 kWh/nguqu
• Ukuthutha kwe-CVD : 30—50 kWh/nguqu
• Inkohlakalo emva kokwenza (ngempela yonke indlela) : 15—25 kWh/nguqu

Isilinganiso soku-40% sendlela yokukhazimula kwe-CVD kunegama elincane kuka-HPHT kusenza kube yinyaniso engaphezu kwamathuluzi angaphandle kwegunya apho uside noma ukungafani kwekristalu akuvumeleka. Kodwa, inkohlakalo emva kokwenza isebenzisa inzuzo yonke—ukukhazimula kwayo kuyaphinde-phinde kungaba khona ngaphandle kwezindleko zangaphambili—kubonakalisa ukuthi kudinga izenzo ezithile zokuthembeka futhi kulesigaba.

Ukunciphisa Ukusebenzisa Izenzulu Ngokusetshenziswa Kwezobuchwepheshe Ezintsha Zokwakha

Ukugcina Ngolaser vs. EDM/Ukugcina: Ukubala Okunciphisa Izenzulu

Kukwenza izixhobo zediamond, ukusebenzisa iilase eziphumelelayo kusetyenziswa imali engu-40 ukuya ku-50 engaphantsi kweendlela eziphambili njenge-EDM kunye nogcinelelo. I-EDM isebenza ngokumisela izixhobo ezihlaza phakathi kwamapole aphantsi kunye nocingo oluphefumlayo okuthathelwa yingcindezi ekunye neesiqu. Iilase zicubungisa izinto ngendlela efahliweyo ngokumiswa kwegunya lezo eziphinde zicubungisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ngoko ke, malunga ne-80% yenani apho akhangeleke kwiindlela zasebenzisa iilase linsetyenziselwa ngokucubungisa, endala ingcindezi engeyiyo okanye ibe yinxalenye eqhubekayo. Ubuncinane beegunya lezilase buxhomekeka kuba kukho into encinci yokucubungisa kuzo zonke izinto ezingaphaya ezingachazwanga. Oku kunceda imali ngoba akukho nto iphethileyo yokulungisa iimpazamo emva koko. Isahluko esiphambili esishicilelwe ngoYeyena kwigama leJournal of Manufacturing Systems libonise abakwazi ukuyila kwiilase baxhobele umda wokufa kwegolide uguqulelo lwemali ngokuphindaphindwe kwe-17% kuphela kwifaze yokucubungisa.

Ukulawula Kwizikhumba Zeenjini Kunye Nokulungisa Kwesilumbu KwiHPHT Synthesis

Izinhlelo zokulawula izindlu zomsholo ziqashisela ukusetshenziswa kwezinseko ze-HPTH ngokubheka kahle kanye nokulungisa izinguquko zempika futhi zilindele impakha ekugcineni imini. Lezi zinhlelo zilungisa lezi ziphazanyo ozithola phakathi kwe-15 kuya ku-20 iphasenthi yezinseko ezingcono ezenziwa ngaphambilini. Phinda lokhu ngezindlela zokudala okujwayelekile apho izinyathelo eziningi zedalwa njengeqembu ukuze kusetyenziswe umphiko osele wusebenza emva kwezinyathelo ezedalwako ngaphambi, futhi abadala bakholelwa ukuthi izinseko zabo zizilahlaza phakathi kwe-25 kuya ku-35 iphasenthi ngasinye isinyathelo kunalokho kuba kudalwa ngokwesibindi. Kutheni konke lokhu kuyakwenzeka? Kulokhu kukhona inqanawa esayensiwa ngayo izikhathi eziphilayo kakhulu kumzimba wokushisa noma wokulima, kanti kanjalo nezindlela zokulungisa ukusebenza phakathi kwamandla onke omunye wendawo yesindlu somsholo, kanti kanjalo nezimiso ezithile zokugcina umphiko phakathi kwamandla. Izinkampani ezayigoba lezi zimbini izindlela zithi zazisusa ngaphezu kwe-30 iphasenthi kuzinseko ngasinye isikarata esidalwa kwezindonga ezinzima njengoko kuchaziwe kuzinhlololwano zakho zezinseko ezilandelayo i-ISO 50001.

Ukumelana Kwezindlela Ezinhle Ngokuphelele Ekukhawazeni Kwamandla

Ukulanda Kabusha Kwesibindi Sokungcola Futhi Ukunikezelwa Kwamandla Afakwa Emakhaya

Umvumo ophakeme okusuka kuzindiza ezihamba ngokuphelele kakhulu ziyashisa kakhulu, zihamba ngasikhathi esizenzileyo nge-600 ukuya ku-900 degrees Celsius, kodwa singaqeda kakhulu kulezi zindlela esingavumeli ngazo iphazinyo. Lokhu kutholakala kusebenza kahle ekugcineni izinto ezingaphandle ngaphambi kokusebenzisa noma kube yini ukwenza i-steam engaphansi kakhulu, lokho kusho ukuthola kabusha ngaphezu kuka-20% ukuya ku-35% koko akungekho kuphela kuhlolwa. Xa kudweliswa nezepaneli zasolare ezifakiwe ngqo endaweni yesithuthi, le ndawo iyahlula ukubaluleka kwe-grid enkulu futhi ibeke amanzi emnyama ngamathuba angu-40%. Ngaphezu koko, isisekelo sengxenye yokuphatha izinkinga ezivame ukuguqulwa kwizindleko zezinsimbi. Fakazani umfazi waseJalimane owodwa owafaka isilinganiso se-1.2 megawatt peak solar ngokufanayo nesistemu yokuthola umthwalo kusukela kuzindlela ezimbili zokwakha ezihamba ngokuphelele kakhulu. Basebona ukuthi izikhwama zabo zomshini wasebusuku zilahlekelwe kabili wonke amaxeshe aphakade asebenzayo, besebenzisa indlela lesonke yokunakekela imithwalo ngendlela efanelekileyo.

Amathethelo okwenza ngokwenziwe kusetyenziswa kuNjongo olulambileyo ngenxa yeYunithi evela

Iindlela ezilambileyo zisetyenziselwa ekuphatheni kwamandla aphatha le mshini "phantom" yokuthwala kanye nokunye ukusebenza okungahleliyo okuthintela amathuba. Xa iinkampani zingcinezela iimvume zabo, ziqala ukubona phapha imishini isebenza nje noma iphinde iphinde ngendlela engadingiyo, okunokuhlawula ukungahlelekisa kwezimali kude kusuka kwi-12 ukuya kwi-18% kuzo zonke izinqokelelo. Kwimisebenzi yechemical vapor deposition ngokuthile, ukulandelela ii-chambers ngexesha elifanayo kuvumela abakhi wahlulise iibhayisi ngokuchanekileyo. Abasebenzi ababeni kule ndawo bahlawula ngokoqobo oko-3.1 kWh ngayinyaniso efakiweyo, bafika phantsi kwezigaba zezithuba ngaproximately 15%. Ukufundisa abasebenzi ngokwahlukileyo kusondeza ukuguqula komfanekiso phakathi kwezinqokelelo, ukunciphisa ukungahlelekisa kwezimali ngexesha lokuguqulwa. Le ndlela enyanisweni iyakha khona inkosi kaToyota yamaJidoka - ukuzenzela ngendlela eqhakazileyo kunye nabantu abaziyo xa into ayichanekanga kwaye bangenjalo ngaphambi kokuba iingcinga ziphucuke.

Ukulinga, Ukubhalamba kanye Nokuthintana Kwezindlela Zokuncipha Kwesimanje

Ukuze kubaluleke kangakanani isimanja esigcinwa, sidinga ukulinga ngempela, akukho nje izindaba abantu bathetsha. Inkathi iqala ngokufaka amanani okumisa isimanja sokusebenzisa ngayinyaniso ekuseni lwesimo ngendlela eyodwa njengekuphatha kwesiphazamiso sokuqina nokupheka, ukulanda kwedivhishi yesimanja, kanye nezinye izikhathi zokugcina. Imita ephumelelayo kanye nemithombo yokuphatha isimanja eyenziwe yigeziwe kwi-ISO 50002 iyathola le mina ngempela. Xa kusabela izinkomba ezihle, izinkampani ziqukethe ukulinganisa kuzinye izikhundla ezifana kuzo phakathi kwabo. Okunye kuzo kuthinta izinhlongo njengeYehlomagunya Yezakhampani Zolimi Zediamond ukuze kuthole izimo zokusebenza, kodwa ezinye zizama ukubuka imininingwane etholakala ngaphandle kwezikhundla ezibekiwe kwiqembu la-ENERGY STAR. Lokhu kusiza izinkampani ukuwabela imininingwane engcono ayethemba ngayo xa zilungise izinkinga zazo.

Ukuvikwa kufaneleke Nezimali yePhrothokholi yeVikiliweyo yeNingi (IPMVP), ukhetha indlela efanele ngokwesilingo nezingxenye ezihlukene:

• Indlela A isohlula iminikelo yokucofa ngokusheshayo kwezinkinga eziphambene (umzekelo, umthelelo wamandla wofornisi kabefore/kaphosha izilawuli zomshini);
• Indlela B ibala konke okunikelwayo/nokotholakala kwezinye izinhlanga (umzekelo, amandla ebhola elaleni, amandla wamahubo, umkhawulo wezindleko);
• Indlela C iyavuselela amandla ongenhla kwesibopho ngaphambi kanye ngemva kokuhlelwa okungaphezu kwakho;
• Indlela D isenza amamodeli wokuhlaziywa okubalwe kuzenzakalo eziphathelene nanoma iyiphi njengoko kusetyenziswa isithuthi + isithuthi se-solar.

Ukubeka isimo kujikeleze kusidla izinyathelo—kukususwa kwezindleko zamandla kuya kusetyenziswa kwamandla afana nesithuthi—kutholele iminikelo yesilingo yezindleko zamandla, kusiza ekubonakaliseni i-ROI, ukuqeqeshwa kwegunya, nokuxhumana nomfanekiso wezempilo njenge-ISO 14064 noma LEED.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Kungani ukwakha kwezinhlelo zediamond kudinga imithamo enkulu yezimali?
  Ukwakha kwezinhlelo zediamond kudinga izimo ezihlukumele ekusenteleneni nokusebenzisa amadimondi, okunikeza umehluko ophezulu wokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi ekusenteleni kwamadimondi akhangeziwa, ukugcina amasethingi apholile kakhulu, nezinye izindawo emva kokusebenza.
• Ungani ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuthathwa phansi ekwakheni kwezinhlelo zediamond?
  Ukusebenzisa izinkampu ezide nobuhlakani njenge-laser machining, izinhlelo zokuphatha ifofa ephathelene ngempilo, nokumema izinqumo ezijwayelekile njenge-ukubuyisela isivimbo esikhutshazwayo kanye nokuthola amandla avuthiwe ngezinsuku, kungasebenze kahle ekuthathweni phansi kokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
• Kungani ke kunezinkinga izinhlelo zokusebenzisa i-CVD kunaku-HPHT ekusenteleni kwamadimondi?
  I-CVD inemali engaphansi kuka-40% kunaka-HPHT, iyakwazi ukuthi ibe yindlela efanele ekwakheni kwezinhlelo ezingalandelwa ngcono lapho ubude bezincwadi kanye nokulindela kwebhadeli kuzifanele.
• Abakhiwa bangacala kanjani futhi bavikiphisele ukuthatha phansi kokusetshenziswa kwamandla?
  Ukunciphisa kokusebenzisa kwezimali kumele kube yisikhathi esigcwele singasetshenziswa ngamathululi amahhashe nemithombo yokuphatha izimali. Ukubonza kungafanakala Neziphathepha Zokulinganisa Nokubonza Kwezimali (IPMVP) ngokwesilingo sezinkinga nesilingo sezinhlangano.